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Current frontier AI safety evaluations emphasize static benchmarks, third-party annotations, and red-teaming. In this position paper, we argue that AI safety research should focus on human-centered evaluations that measure harmful…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Michelle Vaccaro , Jaeyoon Song , Abdullah Almaatouq , Michiel A. Bakker

Nowadays, neural-network-based image- and video-quality metrics perform better than traditional methods. However, they also became more vulnerable to adversarial attacks that increase metrics' scores without improving visual quality. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Anastasia Antsiferova , Khaled Abud , Aleksandr Gushchin , Ekaterina Shumitskaya , Sergey Lavrushkin , Dmitriy Vatolin

Generative AI has revolutionised visual content editing, empowering users to effortlessly modify images and videos. However, not all edits are equal. To perform realistic edits in domains such as natural image or medical imaging,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Thomas Melistas , Nikos Spyrou , Nefeli Gkouti , Pedro Sanchez , Athanasios Vlontzos , Yannis Panagakis , Giorgos Papanastasiou , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Image classifiers are an important component of today's software, from consumer and business applications to safety-critical domains. The advent of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is the key catalyst behind such wide-spread success. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Yuchi Tian , Ziyuan Zhong , Vicente Ordonez , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Following the rapid increase in Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities in recent years, the AI community has voiced concerns regarding possible safety risks. To support decision-making on the safe use and development of AI systems, there…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Gil Gekker , Meirav Segal , Dan Lahav , Omer Nevo

Understanding what constitutes safe text is an important issue in natural language processing and can often prevent the deployment of models deemed harmful and unsafe. One such type of safety that has been scarcely studied is commonsense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Sharon Levy , Emily Allaway , Melanie Subbiah , Lydia Chilton , Desmond Patton , Kathleen McKeown , William Yang Wang

As generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) advances, the realism of AI generated imagery has reached a threshold capable of deceiving even vigilant human observers. Yet, while current AI-generated Image Detection (AID) approaches perform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Despina Konstantinidou , Dimitrios Karageorgiou , Christos Koutlis , Olga Papadopoulou , Emmanouil Schinas , Symeon Papadopoulos

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly applied to identify unsafe or inappropriate images due to their internal ethical standards and powerful reasoning abilities. However, it is still unclear whether they can recognize various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yiting Qu , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

New advancements for the detection of synthetic images are critical for fighting disinformation, as the capabilities of generative AI models continuously evolve and can lead to hyper-realistic synthetic imagery at unprecedented scale and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Pantelis Dogoulis , Giorgos Kordopatis-Zilos , Ioannis Kompatsiaris , Symeon Papadopoulos

Editing images using natural language instructions has become a natural and expressive way to modify visual content; yet, evaluating the performance of such models remains challenging. Existing evaluation approaches often rely on image-text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yusu Qian , Jiasen Lu , Tsu-Jui Fu , Xinze Wang , Chen Chen , Yinfei Yang , Wenze Hu , Zhe Gan

Foundation models (FMs) provide societal benefits but also amplify risks. Governments, companies, and researchers have proposed regulatory frameworks, acceptable use policies, and safety benchmarks in response. However, existing public…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Yi Zeng , Yu Yang , Andy Zhou , Jeffrey Ziwei Tan , Yuheng Tu , Yifan Mai , Kevin Klyman , Minzhou Pan , Ruoxi Jia , Dawn Song , Percy Liang , Bo Li

Reliability and generalization in deep learning are predominantly studied in the context of image classification. Yet, real-world applications in safety-critical domains involve a broader set of semantic tasks, such as semantic segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Shashank Agnihotri , David Schader , Jonas Jakubassa , Nico Sharei , Simon Kral , Mehmet Ege Kaçar , Ruben Weber , Margret Keuper

As large language models (LLMs) develop increasingly sophisticated capabilities and find applications in medical settings, it becomes important to assess their medical safety due to their far-reaching implications for personal and public…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Tessa Han , Aounon Kumar , Chirag Agarwal , Himabindu Lakkaraju

The increasing realism of AI-generated images has raised serious concerns about misinformation and privacy violations, highlighting the urgent need for accurate and interpretable detection methods. While existing approaches have made…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Tai-Ming Huang , Wei-Tung Lin , Kai-Lung Hua , Wen-Huang Cheng , Junichi Yamagishi , Jun-Cheng Chen

Failure detection in automated image classification is a critical safeguard for clinical deployment. Detected failure cases can be referred to human assessment, ensuring patient safety in computer-aided clinical decision making. Despite its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Melanie Bernhardt , Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Ben Glocker

Generative AI models can produce high-quality images based on text prompts. The generated images often appear indistinguishable from images generated by conventional optical photography devices or created by human artists (i.e., real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Yuying Li , Zeyan Liu , Junyi Zhao , Liangqin Ren , Fengjun Li , Jiebo Luo , Bo Luo

Generation of images containing multiple humans, performing complex actions, while preserving their facial identities, is a significant challenge. A major factor contributing to this is the lack of a dedicated benchmark. To address this, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Shubhankar Borse , Seokeon Choi , Sunghyun Park , Jeongho Kim , Shreya Kadambi , Risheek Garrepalli , Sungrack Yun , Munawar Hayat , Fatih Porikli

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have expanded the capabilities of traditional language models by enabling interaction through both text and images. However, ensuring the safety of these models remains a significant challenge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Wenxuan Wang , Xiaoyuan Liu , Kuiyi Gao , Jen-tse Huang , Youliang Yuan , Pinjia He , Shuai Wang , Zhaopeng Tu

Recent advances in AI-generated content have fueled the rise of highly realistic synthetic videos, posing severe risks to societal trust and digital integrity. Existing benchmarks for video authenticity detection typically suffer from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Jieyu Li , Xin Zhang , Joey Tianyi Zhou

Deepfakes, created using advanced AI techniques such as Variational Autoencoder and Generative Adversarial Networks, have evolved from research and entertainment applications into tools for malicious activities, posing significant threats…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yamini Sri Krubha , Aryana Hou , Braden Vester , Web Walker , Xin Wang , Li Lin , Shu Hu