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The rapid advancement of generative AI has raised concerns about the authenticity of digital images, as highly realistic fake images can now be generated at low cost, potentially increasing societal risks. In response, several datasets have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Hanzhe Yu , Yun Ye , Jintao Rong , Qi Xuan , Chen Ma

The security concerns surrounding Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively explored, yet the safety of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) remains understudied. In this paper, we observe that Multimodal Large Language Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Xin Liu , Yichen Zhu , Jindong Gu , Yunshi Lan , Chao Yang , Yu Qiao

This paper introduces v0.5 of the AI Safety Benchmark, which has been created by the MLCommons AI Safety Working Group. The AI Safety Benchmark has been designed to assess the safety risks of AI systems that use chat-tuned language models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Bertie Vidgen , Adarsh Agrawal , Ahmed M. Ahmed , Victor Akinwande , Namir Al-Nuaimi , Najla Alfaraj , Elie Alhajjar , Lora Aroyo , Trupti Bavalatti , Max Bartolo , Borhane Blili-Hamelin , Kurt Bollacker , Rishi Bomassani , Marisa Ferrara Boston , Siméon Campos , Kal Chakra , Canyu Chen , Cody Coleman , Zacharie Delpierre Coudert , Leon Derczynski , Debojyoti Dutta , Ian Eisenberg , James Ezick , Heather Frase , Brian Fuller , Ram Gandikota , Agasthya Gangavarapu , Ananya Gangavarapu , James Gealy , Rajat Ghosh , James Goel , Usman Gohar , Sujata Goswami , Scott A. Hale , Wiebke Hutiri , Joseph Marvin Imperial , Surgan Jandial , Nick Judd , Felix Juefei-Xu , Foutse Khomh , Bhavya Kailkhura , Hannah Rose Kirk , Kevin Klyman , Chris Knotz , Michael Kuchnik , Shachi H. Kumar , Srijan Kumar , Chris Lengerich , Bo Li , Zeyi Liao , Eileen Peters Long , Victor Lu , Sarah Luger , Yifan Mai , Priyanka Mary Mammen , Kelvin Manyeki , Sean McGregor , Virendra Mehta , Shafee Mohammed , Emanuel Moss , Lama Nachman , Dinesh Jinenhally Naganna , Amin Nikanjam , Besmira Nushi , Luis Oala , Iftach Orr , Alicia Parrish , Cigdem Patlak , William Pietri , Forough Poursabzi-Sangdeh , Eleonora Presani , Fabrizio Puletti , Paul Röttger , Saurav Sahay , Tim Santos , Nino Scherrer , Alice Schoenauer Sebag , Patrick Schramowski , Abolfazl Shahbazi , Vin Sharma , Xudong Shen , Vamsi Sistla , Leonard Tang , Davide Testuggine , Vithursan Thangarasa , Elizabeth Anne Watkins , Rebecca Weiss , Chris Welty , Tyler Wilbers , Adina Williams , Carole-Jean Wu , Poonam Yadav , Xianjun Yang , Yi Zeng , Wenhui Zhang , Fedor Zhdanov , Jiacheng Zhu , Percy Liang , Peter Mattson , Joaquin Vanschoren

Since Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly being integrated into everyday tools and intelligent agents, growing concerns have arisen regarding their possible output of unsafe contents, ranging from toxic language and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yuping Yan , Yuhan Xie , Yuanshuai Li , Yingchao Yu , Lingjuan Lyu , Yaochu Jin

Neural Image Classifiers are effective but inherently hard to interpret and susceptible to adversarial attacks. Solutions to both problems exist, among others, in the form of counterfactual examples generation to enhance explainability or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Rafael Bischof , Florian Scheidegger , Michael A. Kraus , A. Cristiano I. Malossi

State-of-the-art Diffusion Models (DMs) produce highly realistic images. While prior work has successfully mitigated Not Safe For Work (NSFW) content in the visual domain, we identify a novel threat: the generation of NSFW text embedded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Aditya Kumar , Tom Blanchard , Adam Dziedzic , Franziska Boenisch

Current Vision Language Models (VLMs) remain vulnerable to malicious prompts that induce harmful outputs. Existing safety benchmarks for VLMs primarily rely on automated evaluation methods, but these methods struggle to detect implicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Wonjun Lee , Doehyeon Lee , Eugene Choi , Sangyoon Yu , Ashkan Yousefpour , Haon Park , Bumsub Ham , Suhyun Kim

Although AI systems have been applied in various fields and achieved impressive performance, their safety and reliability are still a big concern. This is especially important for safety-critical tasks. One shared characteristic of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Shuang Ao

Text-to-image models trained on large-scale data often inevitably ingest unsafe content. While some people observe input-output amplifications, it remains unclear whether and how training data composition directly drives model output safety…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Felix Friedrich , Lukas Helff , Niharika Hegde , Patrick Schramowski , Kristian Kersting

Advances in diffusion, autoregressive, and hybrid models have enabled high-quality image synthesis for tasks such as text-to-image, editing, and reference-guided composition. Yet, existing benchmarks remain limited, either focus on isolated…

Reliable and robust evaluation methods are a necessary first step towards developing machine learning models that are themselves robust and reliable. Unfortunately, current evaluation protocols typically used to assess classifiers fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Michael W. Spratling

Reusable skills are becoming a common interface for extending large language model agents, packaging procedural guidance with access to files, tools, memory, and execution environments. However, this modularity introduces attack surfaces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Chang Jin , An Wang , Zeming Wei , Kai Wang , Biaojie Zeng , Qiaosheng Zhang , Chao Yang , Jingjing Qu , Xia Hu , Xingcheng Xu

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have accelerated their application to indoor safety hazards assessment. However, existing benchmarks suffer from three fundamental limitations: (1) heavy reliance on synthetic datasets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Qiucheng Yu , Ruijie Xu , Mingang Chen , Xuequan Lu , Jianfeng Dong , Chaochao Lu , Xin Tan

As AI models are increasingly deployed across diverse real-world scenarios, ensuring their safety remains a critical yet underexplored challenge. While substantial efforts have been made to evaluate and enhance AI safety, the lack of a…

Model fingerprint detection has shown promise to trace the provenance of AI-generated images in forensic applications. However, despite the inherent adversarial nature of these applications, existing evaluations rarely consider adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Kai Yao , Marc Juarez

An assistive solution to assess incoming threats (e.g., robbery, burglary, gun violence) for homes will enhance the safety of the people with or without disabilities. This paper presents "SafeNet"- an integrated assistive system to generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Shahinur Alam , Md Sultan Mahmud , Mohammed Yeasin

Various AI safety datasets have been developed to measure LLMs against evolving interpretations of harm. Our evaluation of five recently published open-source safety benchmarks reveals distinct semantic clusters using UMAP dimensionality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jonathan Bennion , Shaona Ghosh , Mantek Singh , Nouha Dziri

Content moderation systems classify images as safe or unsafe but lack spatial grounding and interpretability: they cannot explain what sensitive behavior was detected, who is involved, or where it occurs. We introduce the Sensitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Fatih Cagatay Akyon , Alptekin Temizel

The rapid progress of generative AI has enabled remarkable creative capabilities, yet it also raises urgent concerns regarding the safety of AI-generated visual content in real-world applications such as content moderation, platform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Qiang Fu , Zonglei Jing , Zonghao Ying , Xiaoqian Li

The robustness of deep neural networks is usually lacking under adversarial examples, common corruptions, and distribution shifts, which becomes an important research problem in the development of deep learning. Although new deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Chang Liu , Yinpeng Dong , Wenzhao Xiang , Xiao Yang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Yuefeng Chen , Yuan He , Hui Xue , Shibao Zheng