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Recently, deep learning has made rapid progress in antibody design, which plays a key role in the advancement of therapeutics. A dominant paradigm is to train a model to jointly generate the antibody sequence and the structure as a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-20 Nayoung Kim , Minsu Kim , Sungsoo Ahn , Jinkyoo Park

A reduced model, which can fold both helix and sheet structures, is proposed to study the problem of protein folding. The goal of this model is to find an unbiased effective potential that has included the effects of water and at the same…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Nan-yow Chen

Protein inverse folding aims to design an amino acid sequence that will fold into a given backbone structure, serving as a central task in protein design. Two main paradigms have been widely explored. Template-based methods exploit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yiran Zhu , Changxi Chi , Hongxin Xiang , Wenjie Du , Xiaoqi Wang , Jun Xia

Antibody design, a crucial task with significant implications across various disciplines such as therapeutics and biology, presents considerable challenges due to its intricate nature. In this paper, we tackle antigen-specific antibody…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-29 Xiangxin Zhou , Dongyu Xue , Ruizhe Chen , Zaixiang Zheng , Liang Wang , Quanquan Gu

Inverse protein folding is a fundamental task in computational protein design, which aims to design protein sequences that fold into the desired backbone structures. While the development of machine learning algorithms for this task has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yiheng Zhu , Jialu Wu , Qiuyi Li , Jiahuan Yan , Mingze Yin , Wei Wu , Mingyang Li , Jieping Ye , Zheng Wang , Jian Wu

While monomer protein structure prediction tools boast impressive accuracy, the prediction of protein complex structures remains a daunting challenge in the field. This challenge is particularly pronounced in scenarios involving complexes…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-20 Xiaomin Fang , Jie Gao , Jing Hu , Lihang Liu , Yang Xue , Xiaonan Zhang , Kunrui Zhu

Protein structure prediction models such as AlphaFold3 (AF3) push the frontier of biomolecular modeling by incorporating science-informed architectural changes to the transformer architecture. However, these advances come at a steep system…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-27 Hoa La , Ahan Gupta , Alex Morehead , Jianlin Cheng , Minjia Zhang

A reliable prediction of 3D protein structures from sequence data remains a big challenge due to both theoretical and computational difficulties. We have previously shown that our kinetostatic compliance method (KCM) implemented into the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2017-12-27 Pouya Tavousi , Morad Behandish , Horea T. Ilies , Kazem Kazerounian

We introduce AbBiBench (Antibody Binding Benchmarking), a benchmarking framework for antibody binding affinity maturation and design. Unlike previous strategies that evaluate antibodies in isolation, typically by comparing them to natural…

Antibodies are versatile proteins that bind to pathogens like viruses and stimulate the adaptive immune system. The specificity of antibody binding is determined by complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) at the tips of these Y-shaped…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-31 Wengong Jin , Jeremy Wohlwend , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Antibodies are crucial proteins produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances or antigens. The specificity of an antibody is determined by its complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), which are located in the variable…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-11 Cheng Tan , Zhangyang Gao , Lirong Wu , Jun Xia , Jiangbin Zheng , Xihong Yang , Yue Liu , Bozhen Hu , Stan Z. Li

Recent advances in distance-based protein folding have led to a paradigm shift in protein structure prediction. Through sufficiently precise estimation of the inter-residue distance matrix for a protein sequence, it is now feasible to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-27 Andrew McGehee , Sutanu Bhattacharya , Rahmatullah Roche , Debswapna Bhattacharya

Designing protein sequences that fold into a target 3-D structure, termed as the inverse folding problem, is central to protein engineering. However, it remains challenging due to the vast sequence space and the importance of local…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-17 Sazan Mahbub , Souvik Kundu , Eric P. Xing

Protein folding is one of the age-old biological problems that refers to the mechanism of understanding and predicting how a protein's linear sequence of amino acids folds into its specific three dimensional structure.This structure is…

Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins that protect the host by binding to specific antigens, and their binding is mainly determined by the Complementary Determining Regions (CDRs) in the antibody. Despite the great progress made in CDR design,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-03 Lirong Wu , Haitao Lin , Yufei Huang , Zhangyang Gao , Cheng Tan , Yunfan Liu , Tailin Wu , Stan Z. Li

AlphaFold is a neural-network-based tool for the prediction of 3D structures of protein. In CASP14, a blind structure prediction challenge, it performed significantly better than other competitors, which makes it the best available…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-06-22 Vojtěch Spiwok , Martin Kurečka , Aleš Křenek

Protein folding neural networks (PFNNs) such as AlphaFold predict remarkably accurate structures of proteins compared to other approaches. However, the robustness of such networks has heretofore not been explored. This is particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Ismail Alkhouri , Sumit Jha , Andre Beckus , George Atia , Alvaro Velasquez , Rickard Ewetz , Arvind Ramanathan , Susmit Jha

The computational design of antibodies with high specificity and affinity is a cornerstone of modern therapeutic development. While deep generative models have demonstrated potential, they often struggle to balance high-fidelity geometric…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-24 Yue Hu , Feng Tao , Junqing Wang , YingChao Liu

Epitope identification is vital for antibody design yet challenging due to the inherent variability in antibodies. While many deep learning methods have been developed for general protein binding site prediction tasks, whether they work for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Chunan Liu , Lilian Denzler , Yihong Chen , Andrew Martin , Brooks Paige

Deep learning models can predict protein properties with unprecedented accuracy but rarely offer mechanistic insight or actionable guidance for engineering improved variants. When a model flags an antibody as unstable, the protein engineer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Weronika Kłos , Sidney Bender , Lukas Kades