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Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been successful in image recognition tasks, and recent works shed lights on how CNN separates different classes with the learned inter-class knowledge through visualization. In this work, we instead…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-07-22 Donglai Wei , Bolei Zhou , Antonio Torrabla , William Freeman

The overarching goal of Explainable AI is to develop systems that not only exhibit intelligent behaviours, but also are able to explain their rationale and reveal insights. In explainable machine learning, methods that produce a high level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Xiuyi Fan , Siyuan Liu , Thomas C. Henderson

In mission-critical domains such as law enforcement and medical diagnosis, the ability to explain and interpret the outputs of deep learning models is crucial for ensuring user trust and supporting informed decision-making. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Bharat Chandra Yalavarthi , Nalini Ratha

Treating images as data has become increasingly popular in political science. While existing classifiers for images reach high levels of accuracy, it is difficult to systematically assess the visual features on which they base their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Stefan Scholz , Nils B. Weidmann , Zachary C. Steinert-Threlkeld , Eda Keremoğlu , Bastian Goldlücke

Understanding the decision-making process of machine learning models provides valuable insights into the task, the data, and the reasons behind a model's failures. In this work, we propose a method that performs inherently interpretable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Moritz Vandenhirtz , Julia E. Vogt

In spite of several claims stating that some models are more interpretable than others -- e.g., "linear models are more interpretable than deep neural networks" -- we still lack a principled notion of interpretability to formally compare…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Pablo Barceló , Mikaël Monet , Jorge Pérez , Bernardo Subercaseaux

Recent brain tumor classification methods often report high accuracy but rely on deep, over-parameterized architectures with limited interpretability, making it difficult to determine whether predictions are driven by tumor-relevant…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Rajan Das Gupta , Md Imrul Hasan Showmick , Lei Wei , Mushfiqur Rahman Abir , Shanjida Akter , Md. Yeasin Rahat , Md. Jakir Hossen

As Convolutional Neural Networks embed themselves into our everyday lives, the need for them to be interpretable increases. However, there is often a trade-off between methods that are efficient to compute but produce an explanation that is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Thomas Hartley , Kirill Sidorov , Christopher Willis , David Marshall

The prediction of salient areas in images has been traditionally addressed with hand-crafted features based on neuroscience principles. This paper, however, addresses the problem with a completely data-driven approach by training a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-03-03 Junting Pan , Kevin McGuinness , Elisa Sayrol , Noel O'Connor , Xavier Giro-i-Nieto

This paper introduces a graphical model, namely an explanatory graph, which reveals the knowledge hierarchy hidden inside conv-layers of a pre-trained CNN. Each filter in a conv-layer of a CNN for object classification usually represents a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Quanshi Zhang , Xin Wang , Ruiming Cao , Ying Nian Wu , Feng Shi , Song-Chun Zhu

Neural network interpretability is a vital component for applications across a wide variety of domains. In such cases it is often useful to analyze a network which has already been trained for its specific purpose. In this work, we develop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Lawrence Phillips , Garrett Goh , Nathan Hodas

Modern convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are able to achieve human-level object classification accuracy on specific tasks, and currently outperform competing models in explaining complex human visual representations. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Joshua C. Peterson , Paul Soulos , Aida Nematzadeh , Thomas L. Griffiths

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved astonishing performance on various image classification tasks, but it is difficult for humans to understand how a classification comes about. Recent literature proposes methods to explain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Anna Nguyen , Daniel Hagenmayer , Tobias Weller , Michael Färber

Deep learning approaches have been established as the main methodology for video classification and recognition. Recently, 3-dimensional convolutions have been used to achieve state-of-the-art performance in many challenging video datasets.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Alexandros Stergiou , Georgios Kapidis , Grigorios Kalliatakis , Christos Chrysoulas , Remco Veltkamp , Ronald Poppe

Explainability is needed to establish confidence in machine learning results. Some explainable methods take a post hoc approach to explain the weights of machine learning models, others highlight areas of the input contributing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Paul Whitten , Francis Wolff , Chris Papachristou

Interpreting the decisions of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) is essential for understanding their behavior, yet explainability remains a significant challenge, particularly for self-supervised models. Most existing methods for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Aymene Mohammed Bouayed , Samuel Deslauriers-Gauthier , Adrian Iaccovelli , David Naccache

Saliency prediction can benefit from training that involves scene understanding that may be tangential to the central task; this may include understanding places, spatial layout, objects or involve different datasets and their bias. One can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Sen Jia , Neil D. B. Bruce

Robustness has become one of the most critical problems in machine learning (ML). The science of interpreting ML models to understand their behavior and improve their robustness is referred to as explainable artificial intelligence (XAI).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Patrick Koller , Amil V. Dravid , Guido M. Schuster , Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are known to learn an image representation that captures concepts relevant to the task, but do so in an implicit way that hampers model interpretability. However, one could argue that such a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Diego Marcos , Ruth Fong , Sylvain Lobry , Remi Flamary , Nicolas Courty , Devis Tuia

Visual saliency detection aims at identifying the most visually distinctive parts in an image, and serves as a pre-processing step for a variety of computer vision and image processing tasks. To this end, the saliency detection procedure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Xuanyang Xi , Yongkang Luo , Fengfu Li , Peng Wang , Hong Qiao