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Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) demonstrate impressive problem-solving skills in many tasks and domains. However, their ability to reason with complex images in academic domains has not been systematically…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Chenghao Ma , Haihong E. , Junpeng Ding , Jun Zhang , Ziyan Ma , Huang Qing , Bofei Gao , Liang Chen , Yifan Zhu , Meina Song

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a challenge task that combines natural language processing and computer vision techniques and gradually becomes a benchmark test task in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). The goal of our survey is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Jiayi Kuang , Jingyou Xie , Haohao Luo , Ronghao Li , Zhe Xu , Xianfeng Cheng , Yinghui Li , Xika Lin , Ying Shen

Understanding complex biomolecular mechanisms requires multi-step reasoning across molecular interactions, signaling cascades, and metabolic pathways. While large language models(LLMs) show promise in such tasks, their application to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Tianwen Lyu , Xiang Zhuang , Keyan Ding , Xinzhe Cao , Lei Liang , Wei Zhao , Qiang Zhang , Huajun Chen

Most current LLM-based models for video understanding can process videos within minutes. However, they struggle with lengthy videos due to challenges such as "noise and redundancy", as well as "memory and computation" constraints. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Kirolos Ataallah , Xiaoqian Shen , Eslam Abdelrahman , Essam Sleiman , Mingchen Zhuge , Jian Ding , Deyao Zhu , Jürgen Schmidhuber , Mohamed Elhoseiny

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable vision-language capabilities, primarily due to the exceptional in-context understanding and multi-task learning strengths of large language models (LLMs). The advent of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Jianing Li , Xi Nan , Ming Lu , Li Du , Shanghang Zhang

Real-world video editing demands not only expert knowledge of cinematic techniques but also multimodal reasoning to select, align, and combine footage into coherent narratives. While recent Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Andong Deng , Dawei Du , Zhenfang Chen , Wen Zhong , Fan Chen , Guang Chen , Chia-Wen Kuo , Longyin Wen , Chen Chen , Sijie Zhu

We present VRBench, the first long narrative video benchmark crafted for evaluating large models' multi-step reasoning capabilities, addressing limitations in existing evaluations that overlook temporal reasoning and procedural validity. It…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jiashuo Yu , Yue Wu , Meng Chu , Zhifei Ren , Zizheng Huang , Pei Chu , Ruijie Zhang , Yinan He , Qirui Li , Songze Li , Zhenxiang Li , Zhongying Tu , Conghui He , Yu Qiao , Yali Wang , Yi Wang , Limin Wang

To effectively interact with the real world, Large Language Models (LLMs) require entity-based commonsense reasoning, a challenging task that necessitates integrating factual knowledge about specific entities with commonsense inference.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Armin Toroghi , Faeze Moradi Kalarde , Scott Sanner

The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) raises concerns about cultural bias, fairness, and performance in diverse languages and underrepresented regions. Addressing these gaps requires large-scale resources grounded in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Firoj Alam , Md Arid Hasan , Sahinur Rahman Laskar , Mucahid Kutlu , Kareem Darwish , Shammur Absar Chowdhury

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved remarkable progress across various capabilities; however, complex video reasoning in the scientific domain remains a significant and challenging frontier. Current video benchmarks predominantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Andong Deng , Taojiannan Yang , Shoubin Yu , Lincoln Spencer , Mohit Bansal , Chen Chen , Serena Yeung-Levy , Xiaohan Wang

With advances in multimodal research and deep learning, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for a wide range of multimodal tasks. As a core problem in vision-language research, Visual Question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Quanxing Xu , Ling Zhou , Xian Zhong , Xiaohua Huang , Rubing Huang , Chia-Wen Lin

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) perform well in video understanding but degrade on long videos due to fixed-length context and weak long-term dependency modeling. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) can expand knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zhucun Xue , Jiangning Zhang , Xurong Xie , Yuxuan Cai , Yong Liu , Xiangtai Li , Dacheng Tao

Video question answering (VideoQA) is challenging given its multimodal combination of visual understanding and natural language processing. While most existing approaches ignore the visual appearance-motion information at different temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Min Peng , Chongyang Wang , Yuan Gao , Yu Shi , Xiang-Dong Zhou

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have garnered widespread attention from researchers due to their remarkable understanding and generation capabilities in visual language tasks (e.g., visual question answering). However, the rapid…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Tianyu Huai , Jie Zhou , Xingjiao Wu , Qin Chen , Qingchun Bai , Ze Zhou , Liang He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various NLP tasks, but they still suffer from challenges such as hallucination and weak numerical reasoning. To overcome these challenges, external tools can be used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Yuchen Zhuang , Yue Yu , Kuan Wang , Haotian Sun , Chao Zhang

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated an impressive ability to encode knowledge during pre-training on large text corpora. They can leverage this knowledge for downstream tasks like question answering (QA), even in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Juraj Vladika , Phillip Schneider , Florian Matthes

Prompting-based large language models (LLMs) are surprisingly powerful at generating natural language reasoning steps or Chains-of-Thoughts (CoT) for multi-step question answering (QA). They struggle, however, when the necessary knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Harsh Trivedi , Niranjan Balasubramanian , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal

Recent 3D Large-Language Models (3D-LLMs) claim to understand 3D worlds, especially spatial relationships among objects. Yet, we find that simply fine-tuning a language model on text-only question-answer pairs can perform comparably or even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xianzheng Ma , Tao Sun , Shuai Chen , Yash Bhalgat , Jindong Gu , Angel X Chang , Iro Armeni , Iro Laina , Songyou Peng , Victor Adrian Prisacariu

Large language models (LLMs) have taken a great step towards AGI. Meanwhile, an increasing number of domain-specific problems such as math and programming boost these general-purpose models to continuously evolve via learning deeper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Xinwei Long , Kai Tian , Peng Xu , Guoli Jia , Jingxuan Li , Sa Yang , Yihua Shao , Kaiyan Zhang , Che Jiang , Hao Xu , Yang Liu , Jiaheng Ma , Bowen Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess general world knowledge but often struggle to generate precise predictions in structured, domain-specific contexts such as simulations. These limitations arise from their inability to ground their broad,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Guillaume Levy , Cedric Colas , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer , Thomas Carta , Clement Romac