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Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing Software Engineering (SE) by introducing innovative methods for tasks such as collecting requirements, designing software, generating code, and creating test cases, among others. This article…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Malik Abdul Sami , Zeeshan Rasheed , Muhammad Waseem , Zheying Zhang , Tomas Herda , Pekka Abrahamsson

Large Language Models (LLMs) are finding applications in numerous domains, and Requirements Engineering (RE) is increasingly benefiting from their capabilities to assist with complex, language-intensive tasks. This paper presents a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mohammad Amin Zadenoori , Jacek Dąbrowski , Waad Alhoshan , Liping Zhao , Alessio Ferrari

Artificial intelligence (AI) permeates all fields of life, which resulted in new challenges in requirements engineering for artificial intelligence (RE4AI), e.g., the difficulty in specifying and validating requirements for AI or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Umm-e- Habiba , Markus Haug , Justus Bogner , Stefan Wagner

In software engineering processes for machine learning (ML)-enabled systems, integrating and verifying ML components is a major challenge. A prerequisite is the specification of ML component requirements, including models and data, an area…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Yi Peng , Hans-Martin Heyn , Jennifer Horkoff

The purpose of requirements engineering (RE) is to make sure that the expectations and needs of the stakeholders of a software system are met. Emotional needs can be captured as emotional requirements that represent how the end user should…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Tahira Iqbal , Hina Anwar , Syazwanie Filzah , Mohammad Gharib , Kerli Moose , Kuldar Taveter

Requirements engineering (RE) plays a crucial role in developing software systems by bridging the gap between stakeholders' needs and system specifications. However, effective communication and elicitation of stakeholder requirements can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Ben Cheng , Chetan Arora , Xiao Liu , Thuong Hoang , Yi Wang , John Grundy

Context: Large Language Model (LLM) agents are becoming widely used for various Requirements Engineering (RE) tasks. Research on improving their accuracy mainly focuses on prompt engineering, model fine-tuning, and retrieval augmented…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Marc Oriol , Quim Motger , Jordi Marco , Xavier Franch

Requirements Elicitation (RE) is a crucial software engineering skill that involves interviewing a client and then devising a software design based on the interview results. Teaching this inherently experiential skill effectively has high…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Nelson Lojo , Rafael González , Rohan Philip , José Antonio Parejo , Amador Durán Toro , Armando Fox , Pablo Fernández

The requirements elicited from stakeholders are typically informal, incomplete, ambiguous, and inconsistent. It is the task of Requirements Engineering to transform them into an eligible (formal, sufficiently complete, unambiguous,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-05-10 Feng-Lin Li , Alexander Borgida , Giancarlo Guizzardi , Jennifer Horkoff , Lin Liu , John Mylopoulos

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in natural language understanding, yet their reasoning capabilities remain limited when operating as single agents. Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has been proposed to address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Xiao Wang , Jia Wang , Yijie Wang , Pengtao Dang , Sha Cao , Chi Zhang

Requirements Engineering (RE) is the initial step towards building a software system. The success or failure of a software project is firmly tied to this phase, based on communication among stakeholders using natural language. The problem…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Mohammad Kasra Habib , Stefan Wagner , Daniel Graziotin

A critical bottleneck in automating AI research is the execution of complex machine learning engineering (MLE) tasks. MLE differs from general software engineering due to computationally expensive evaluation (e.g., model training) and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jiefeng Chen , Bhavana Dalvi Mishra , Jaehyun Nam , Rui Meng , Tomas Pfister , Jinsung Yoon

Natural language processing supported requirements engineering is an area of research and development that seeks to apply NLP techniques, tools and resources to a variety of requirements documents or artifacts to support a range of…

Requirements Engineering (RE) is a critical discipline mostly driven by uncertainty, since it is influenced by the customer domain or by the development process model used. We aim to investigate RE processes in successful project…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-12-01 D. Méndez Fernández , S. Wagner , K. Lochmann , A. Baumann , H. de Carne

In large-scale automotive companies, various requirements engineering (RE) practices are used across teams. RE practices manifest in Requirements Information Models (RIM) that define what concepts and information should be captured for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Rebekka Wohlrab , Eric Knauss , Patrizio Pelliccione

Requirements engineering is a vital, yet labor-intensive, stage in the software development process. This article introduces ReqFusion: an AI-enhanced system that automates the extraction, classification, and analysis of software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Muhammad Khalid , Manuel Oriol , Yilmaz Uygun

Government development projects vary significantly from private sector initiatives in scope, stakeholder complexity, and regulatory requirements. There is a lack of empirical studies focusing on requirements engineering (RE) activities…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Anqi Ren , Lin Liu , Yi Wang , Xiao Liu , Hailong Wang , Kaijia Xu , Xishuo Zhang , Chetan Arora

Requirements engineering in Industry 4.0 faces critical challenges with heterogeneous, unstructured documentation spanning technical specifications, supplier lists, and compliance standards. While retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) shows…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Muhammad Khalid , Yilmaz Uygun

Requirements engineering (RE) activities for machine learning (ML) are not well-established and researched in the literature. Many issues and challenges exist when specifying, designing, and developing ML-enabled systems. Adding more focus…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Hugo Villamizar , Marcos Kalinowski , Helio lopes

Context and motivation. Requirements Engineering (RE) quality still lacks empirical evidence on how specific requirement defects affect downstream activities. Problem: However, empirical data on the detailed effects of requirements quality…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Henning Femmer , Ivan Esau