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The performance of modern machine learning systems depends on access to large, high-quality datasets, often sourced from user-generated content or proprietary, domain-specific corpora. However, these rich datasets inherently contain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zhan Shi , Yefeng Yuan , Yuhong Liu , Liang Cheng , Yi Fang

Machine unlearning, the study of efficiently removing the impact of specific training instances on a model, has garnered increased attention in recent years due to regulatory guidelines such as the \emph{Right to be Forgotten}. Achieving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Martin Pawelczyk , Seth Neel , Himabindu Lakkaraju

We study how to perform unlearning, i.e. forgetting undesirable misbehaviors, on large language models (LLMs). We show at least three scenarios of aligning LLMs with human preferences can benefit from unlearning: (1) removing harmful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yuanshun Yao , Xiaojun Xu , Yang Liu

Machine unlearning, a novel area within artificial intelligence, focuses on addressing the challenge of selectively forgetting or reducing undesirable knowledge or behaviors in machine learning models, particularly in the context of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Saaketh Koundinya Gundavarapu , Shreya Agarwal , Arushi Arora , Chandana Thimmalapura Jagadeeshaiah

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, finding applications across various domains. However, their reliance on massive internet-sourced datasets for training brings notable privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Michele Miranda , Elena Sofia Ruzzetti , Andrea Santilli , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Sébastien Bratières , Emanuele Rodolà

Large language models trained on massive corpora of data from the web can memorize and reproduce sensitive or private data raising both legal and ethical concerns. Unlearning, or tuning models to forget information present in their training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Pratyush Maini , Zhili Feng , Avi Schwarzschild , Zachary C. Lipton , J. Zico Kolter

High-quality training data has proven crucial for developing performant large language models (LLMs). However, commercial LLM providers disclose few, if any, details about the data used for training. This lack of transparency creates…

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities but also pose risks by learning and generating copyrighted material, leading to significant legal and ethical concerns. In real-world scenarios, model owners…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Guangyao Dou , Zheyuan Liu , Qing Lyu , Kaize Ding , Eric Wong

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) trained on massive data may memorize sensitive personal information and photos, posing serious privacy risks. To mitigate this, MLLM unlearning methods are proposed, which fine-tune MLLMs to reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xianren Zhang , Hui Liu , Delvin Ce Zhang , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Dongwon Lee , Suhang Wang

Machine unlearning (MU) for large language models (LLMs), commonly referred to as LLM unlearning, seeks to remove specific undesirable data or knowledge from a trained model, while maintaining its performance on standard tasks. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yiwei Chen , Soumyadeep Pal , Yimeng Zhang , Qing Qu , Sijia Liu

Large language model (LLM) unlearning has demonstrated effectiveness in removing the influence of undesirable data (also known as forget data). Existing approaches typically assume full access to the forget dataset, overlooking two key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Linxi Xie , Xin Teng , Shichang Ke , Hongyi Wen , Shengjie Wang

The past a few years have witnessed the great success of large language models, demonstrating powerful capabilities in comprehending textual data and generating human-like languages. Large language models achieve success by being trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Estrid He , Tabinda Sarwar , Ibrahim Khalil , Xun Yi , Ke Wang

Machine unlearning is concerned with the task of removing knowledge learned from particular data points from a trained model. In the context of large language models (LLMs), unlearning has recently received increased attention, particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Aravind Krishnan , Siva Reddy , Marius Mosbach

Current unlearning methods for large language models usually rely on reverse optimization to reduce target token probabilities. However, this paradigm disrupts the subsequent tokens prediction, degrading model performance and linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Haoming Xu , Ningyuan Zhao , Liming Yang , Sendong Zhao , Shumin Deng , Mengru Wang , Bryan Hooi , Nay Oo , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant progress from pre-training on and memorizing a wide range of textual data, however, this process might suffer from privacy issues and violations of data protection regulations. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Jiaao Chen , Diyi Yang

With the passage of the Right to Be Forgotten (RTBF) regulations and the scaling up of language model training datasets, research on model unlearning in large language models (LLMs) has become more crucial. Before the era of LLMs, machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Bichen Wang , Yuzhe Zi , Yixin Sun , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across various applications, privacy and copyright concerns have heightened the need for more effective LLM unlearning techniques. Many existing unlearning methods aim to suppress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Tomoya Yamashita , Akira Ito , Yuuki Yamanaka , Masanori Yamada , Takayuki Miura , Toshiki Shibahara

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in memorizing vast amounts of knowledge across diverse domains. However, the ability to selectively forget specific knowledge is critical for ensuring the safety and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhijie Deng , Chris Yuhao Liu , Zirui Pang , Xinlei He , Lei Feng , Qi Xuan , Zhaowei Zhu , Jiaheng Wei

Recent research has shown that language models have a tendency to memorize rare or unique token sequences in the training corpus. After deploying a model, practitioners might be asked to delete any personal information from the model by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Zhe Liu , Ozlem Kalinli

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities but also pose risks by learning and generating copyrighted material, leading to significant legal and ethical concerns. In a potential real-world scenario,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Guangyao Dou