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In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, quantum error mitigation will be a necessary tool to extract useful performance out of quantum devices. However, there is a big gap between the noise models often assumed by error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-10 Abdullah Ash Saki , Amara Katabarwa , Salonik Resch , George Umbrarescu

Classical simulation of real-space quantum dynamics is challenging due to the exponential scaling of computational cost with system dimensions. Quantum computer offers the potential to simulate quantum dynamics with polynomial complexity;…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Chee-Kong Lee , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Shengyu Zhang , Liang Shi

Extracting energy spectra from quantum Hamiltonians is a fundamental task for quantum simulation, yet remains challenging on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. We propose Measured Quantum Time Evolution (MQTE), an ancilla-free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Qing-Xing Xie , Yong-Kang Duan , Fa-Hui Liu , Yan Zhao

Quantum computing offers a promising paradigm for electromagnetic eigenmode analysis, enabling compact representations of complex field interactions and potential exponential speedup over classical numerical solvers. Recent efforts have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Zhixiu Han , Fanxu Meng , Weidong Li , Xutao Yu , Zaichen Zhang

Major obstacles remain to the implementation of macroscopic quantum computing: hardware problems of noise, decoherence, and scaling; software problems of error correction; and, most important, algorithm construction. Finding truly quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-17 Nathan Thompson , James Steck , Elizabeth Behrman

The success of the current generation of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware shows that quantum hardware may be able to tackle complex problems even without error correction. One outstanding issue is that of coherent errors…

Development of resource-friendly quantum algorithms remains highly desirable for noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing. Based on the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) with unitary coupled cluster ansatz, we demonstrate that…

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are a class of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms that leverage on classical optimization tools to find the optimal parameters for a parameterized quantum circuit. One relevant application of VQAs is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Mirko Legnini , Julian Berberich

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices are spearheading the second quantum revolution. Of these, quantum annealers are the only ones currently offering real world, commercial applications on as many as 5000 qubits. The size of…

The new field of quantum error correction has developed spectacularly since its origin less than two years ago. Encoded quantum information can be protected from errors that arise due to uncontrolled interactions with the environment.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 John Preskill

Quantum computing in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era presents significant challenges in differentiating quantum software bugs from hardware noise. Traditional debugging techniques from classical software engineering cannot…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ahmik Virani , Devraj , Anirudh Suresh , Lei Zhang , M V Panduranga Rao

In recent years, the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) has emerged as one of the most popular algorithms for solving the electronic structure problem on near-term quantum computers. The utility of VQE is often hindered by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 M. R. Nirmal , Ankit Khandelwal , Manoj Nambiar , Sharma S. R. K. C. Yamijala

First quantum computers very recently have demonstrated "quantum supremacy" or "quantum advantage": Executing a computation that would have been impossible on a classical machine. Today's quantum computers follow the NISQ paradigm: They…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-30 Sebastian Brandhofer , Simon Devitt , Thomas Wellens , Ilia Polian

State-of-the-art noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices (NISQ), although imperfect, enable computational tasks that are manifestly beyond the capabilities of modern classical supercomputers. However, present quantum computations are…

Recent advances in quantum computing devices have brought attention to hybrid quantum-classical algorithms like the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) as a potential route to practical quantum advantage in chemistry. However, it is not…

Great efforts have been dedicated in recent years to explore practical applications for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers, which is a fundamental and challenging problem in quantum computing. As one of the most promising…

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices are valuable platforms for testing the tenets of quantum computing, but these devices are susceptible to errors arising from de-coherence, leakage, cross-talk and other sources of noise. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-03 Samudra Dasgupta , Travis S. Humble

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for quantum computers to perform useful algorithms, but large-scale fault-tolerant computation remains out of reach due to demanding requirements on operation fidelity and the number of…

Quantum computers represent a radical technological advancement in the way information is processed by using the principles of quantum mechanics to solve very complex problems that exceed the capabilities of classical systems. However, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Marcos Guillermo Lammers , Federico Hernán Holik , Alejandro Fernández

Near-term quantum computers provide a promising platform for finding ground states of quantum systems, which is an essential task in physics, chemistry, and materials science. Near-term approaches, however, are constrained by the effects of…