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Bell inequalities are mathematical constructs that demarcate the boundary between quantum and classical physics. A new class of multiplicative Bell inequalities originating from a volume maximization game (based on products of correlators…

The Bell theorem stands as an insuperable roadblock in the path to a very desired intuitive solution of the EPR paradox and, hence, it lies at the core of the current lack of a clear interpretation of the quantum formalism. The theorem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-22 David H. Oaknin

Controllable systems relying on quantum behavior to simulate distinctly quantum models so far rely on increasingly challenging classical computing to verify their results. We develop a general protocol for confirming that an arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-07 Dvir Kafri , Jacob Taylor

We consider the problem of certifying measurement incompatibility in a prepare-and-measure (PM) scenario. We present different families of sets of qubit measurements which are incompatible, but cannot lead to any quantum over classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Sophie Egelhaaf , Jef Pauwels , Marco Túlio Quintino , Roope Uola

Increasingly sophisticated quantum computers motivate the exploration of their abilities in certifying genuine quantum phenomena. Here, we demonstrate the power of state-of-the-art IBM quantum computers in correlation experiments inspired…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Elisa Bäumer , Nicolas Gisin , Armin Tavakoli

Cluster states are a new type of multiqubit entangled states with entanglement properties exceptionally well suited for quantum computation. In the present work, we experimentally demonstrate that correlations in a four-qubit linear cluster…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Philip Walther , Markus Aspelmeyer , Kevin J. Resch , Anton Zeilinger

Bell's theorem states that no local realistic explanation of quantum mechanical predictions is possible, in which the experimenter has a freedom to choose between different measurement settings. Within a local realistic picture the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Johannes Kofler , Tomasz Paterek , Caslav Brukner

Bell's theorem is a no-go theorem stating that quantum mechanics cannot be reproduced by a physical theory based on realism, freedom to choose experimental settings and two locality conditions: setting (SI) and outcome (OI) independence. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 M. Pawlowski , J. Kofler , T. Paterek , M. Seevinck , C. Brukner

The characterization of the set of quantum correlations in Bell scenarios is a problem of paramount importance for both the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information processing in the device-independent scenario. However, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-09 Julio I. de Vicente

Whether the complex numbers of standard quantum theory are experimentally indispensable has remained open for decades. Real quantum theory (RQT), obtained by replacing complex amplitudes with real ones while retaining the usual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Timothée Hoffreumon , Mischa P. Woods

Bell's theorem reveals a profound conflict between quantum mechanics and local realism, a conflict we reinterpret through the modern lens of causal inference. We propose and computationally validate a framework where quantum entanglement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Pilsung Kang

Bell's theorem of 1965 is a proof that all realistic interpretations of quantum mechanics must be non-local. Bell's theorem consists of two parts: first a correlation inequality is derived that must be satisfied by all local realistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Ardehali

Communication complexity problems (CCPs) are tasks in which separated parties attempt to compute a function whose inputs are distributed among the parties. Their communication is limited so that not all inputs can be sent. We show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-12 Armin Tavakoli , Marek Zukowski

Quantum theory provides a significant example of two intermingling hallmarks of science: the ability to consistently combine physical systems and study them compositely, and the power to extract predictions in the form of correlations. A…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Marco Erba , Paolo Perinotti

The assumption of free will - the ability of an experimentalist to make random choices - is central to proving the indeterminism of quantum resources, the primary tool in quantum cryptography. Relaxing the assumption in a Bell test allows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-30 James E. Pope , Alastair Kay

An intense effort is being made today to build a quantum computer. Instead of presenting what has been achieved, I invoke here analogies from the history of science in an attempt to glimpse what the future might hold. Quantum computing is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-17 G. S. Paraoanu

A hidden variables model complying with the simplest form of Local Realism was recently introduced, which reproduces Quantum Mechanics' predictions for an even ideally perfect Bell's experiment. This is possible thanks to the use of a…

General Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Alejandro Hnilo

Bell inequalities have traditionally been used to demonstrate that quantum theory is nonlocal, in the sense that there exist correlations generated from composite quantum states that cannot be explained by means of local hidden variables.…

In the study of quantum nonlocality, one obstacle is that the analytical criterion for identifying the boundaries between quantum and postquantum correlations has not yet been given, even in the simplest Bell scenario. We propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-23 Satoshi Ishizaka

The Bell inequality constrains the outcomes of measurements on pairs of distant entangled particles. The Bell contradiction states that the Bell inequality is inconsistent with the calculated outcomes of these quantum experiments. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Kees van Hee , Kees van Berkel , Jan de Graaf