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We propose and demonstrate a modulation transfer protocol to increase the detection sensitivity of a Rydberg RF receiver to fields out of resonance from the transition between Rydberg levels. This protocol is based on a phase modulation of…

Recognition of multifrequency microwave (MW) electric fields is challenging because of the complex interference of multifrequency fields in practical applications. Rydberg atom-based measurements for multifrequency MW electric fields is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-18 Zong-Kai Liu , Li-Hua Zhang , Bang Liu , Zheng-Yuan Zhang , Guang-Can Guo , Dong-Sheng Ding , Bao-Sen Shi

Rydberg atom-based sensors use atoms dressed by lasers to detect and measure radio frequency electromagnetic fields. The absorptive properties of the atomic gas, configured as a Rydberg atom-based sensor, change in the presence of a radio…

Rydberg microwave (MW) sensors are superior to conventional antenna-based techniques because of their wide operating frequency range and outstanding potential sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate a Rydberg microwave receiver with a high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 Bowen Yang , Yuhan Yan , Xuejie Li , Ling Xiao , Xiaolin Li , L. Q. Chen , Jianliao Deng , Huadong Cheng

The advancement of Rydberg atoms in quantum sensing is driving a paradigm shift from classical receivers to atomic receivers. Capitalizing on the extreme sensitivity of Rydberg atoms to external disturbance, atomic receivers can measure…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Mingyao Cui , Qunsong Zeng , Kaibin Huang

Rydberg atoms have great potential in electric field measurement and have an advantage with a large frequency bandwidth from the kHz to the THz scale. However, the sensitivity for measuring a weak MHz electric field signal is limited by the…

High-sensitive measurement of radio-frequency (RF) electric field is available via the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect of Rydberg atom at room-temperature, which has been developed to be a promising atomic RF receiver.…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Zhenfei Song , Wanfeng Zhang , Hongping Liu , Xiaochi Liu , Haiyang Zou , Jie Zhang , Jifeng Qu

Low frequency communication has a wide range of applications in the fields of satellite detection, underground mining, disaster relief. Rydberg atom sensor has rapidly developed in recent years, capitalizing on its calibration-free…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-08-20 Yipeng Xie , Mingwei Lei , Meng Shi

While Rydberg atoms have shown tremendous potential to serve as accurate and sensitive detectors of microwaves and millimeter waves, their response is generally limited to a single narrow frequency band around a chosen microwave transition.…

Rydberg atoms have shown significant promise as the basis for highly sensitive detectors of continuous radio-frequency (RF) E-fields. Here, we study their time-dependent response to pulse-modulated RF E-fields at 19.4 GHz using a cesium…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2022-03-04 Stephanie M. Bohaichuk , Donald Booth , Kent Nickerson , Harry Tai , James P. Shaffer

The RYDberg Atomic Receiver (RYDAR) has been demonstrated to surmount the limitation on both the sensitivity and operating bandwidth of the classical electronic counterpart, which can theoretically detect indiscernible electric signals…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Minze Chen , Tianqi Mao , Yang Zhao , Wei Xiao , Dezhi Zheng , Zhaocheng Wang , Jun Zhang , Sheng Chen

We use a quantum sensor based on thermal Rydberg atoms to receive data encoded in electromagnetic fields in the extreme electrically small regime, with a sensing volume over $10^7$ times smaller than the cube of the electric field…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2018-09-19 Kevin C. Cox , David H. Meyer , Fredrik K. Fatemi , Paul D. Kunz

The intrinsic integration of Rydberg atomic receivers into wireless communication systems is proposed, by harnessing the principles of quantum physics in wireless communications. More particularly, we conceive a pair of Rydberg atomic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yuanbin Chen , Xufeng Guo , Chau Yuen , Yufei Zhao , Yong Liang Guan , Chong Meng Samson See , Merouane Débbah , Lajos Hanzo

The coupling of microwave and optical systems presents an immense challenge due to the natural incompatibility of energies, but potential applications range from optical interconnects for quantum computers to next-generation quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-22 Sebastian Borówka , Uliana Pylypenko , Mateusz Mazelanik , Michał Parniak

Radio frequencies in the HF and VHF (3 MHz to 300 MHz) bands are challenging for Rydberg atom-based detection schemes, as resonant detection requires exciting the atoms to extremely high energy states. We demonstrate a method for detecting…

Microwave receivers using electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) in Rydberg atoms have recently demonstrated improved sensitivities. It is not evident how their state-of-the-art electric field sensitivities compare to those achieved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-25 Gabriel Santamaria-Botello , Shane Verploegh , Eric Bottomley , Zoya Popovic

Microwave (MW) field sensing is foundational to modern technology, yet its evolution, reliant on classical antennas, is constrained by fundamental physical limits on field, temporal, and spatial resolutions. Here, we demonstrate an MW…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Yao-Wen Zhang , De-Sheng Xiang , Ren Liao , Hao-Xiang Liu , Biao Xu , Peng Zhou , Yijia Zhou , Kuan Zhang , Lin Li

Radio frequency antennas based on highly excited Rydberg atom vapors can in principle reach sensitivities beyond those of any conventional wire antenna, especially at lower frequencies where very long wires are needed to accommodate the…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Peter B. Weichman

Rydberg atom based sensors allow for SI traceable measurements and show promise for applications in the field of communication and radar technologies. In this article, we investigate the bandwidth and sensitivity of a Rydberg atom-based…

Deep subwavelength RF imaging with atomic Rydberg sensors has overcome fundamental limitations of traditional antennas and enabled ultra-wideband detection of omni-directional time varying fields all in a compact form factor. However, in…