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Normalizing flows are an essential alternative to GANs for generative modelling, which can be optimized directly on the maximum likelihood of the dataset. They also allow computation of the exact latent vector corresponding to an image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Sandeep Nagar , Marius Dufraisse , Girish Varma

This paper introduces a new latent variable generative model able to handle high dimensional longitudinal data and relying on variational inference. The time dependency between the observations of an input sequence is modelled using…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-28 Clément Chadebec , Stéphanie Allassonnière

Real-world deployment of reliable object detectors is crucial for applications such as autonomous driving. However, general-purpose object detectors like Faster R-CNN are prone to providing overconfident predictions for outlier objects.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Nishant Kumar , Siniša Šegvić , Abouzar Eslami , Stefan Gumhold

We propose a novel entropy flow on weighted graphs, which provides a principled framework that characterizes the evolution of probability distributions over graph structures while sharing geometric intuition with discrete Ricci flow. We…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Juan Zhao , Jicheng Ma , Yunyan Yang , Liang Zhao

We show that normalising flows become pathological when used to model targets whose supports have complicated topologies. In this scenario, we prove that a flow must become arbitrarily numerically noninvertible in order to approximate the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-26 Rob Cornish , Anthony L. Caterini , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet

Normalizing flows model complex probability distributions using maps obtained by composing invertible layers. Special linear layers such as masked and 1x1 convolutions play a key role in existing architectures because they increase…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Chenlin Meng , Linqi Zhou , Kristy Choi , Tri Dao , Stefano Ermon

Algorithms based on normalizing flows are emerging as promising machine learning approaches to sampling complicated probability distributions in a way that can be made asymptotically exact. In the context of lattice field theory,…

Conditional flow matching (CFM) stands out as an efficient, simulation-free approach for training flow-based generative models, achieving remarkable performance for data generation. However, CFM is insufficient to ensure accuracy in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuhao Huang , Taos Transue , Shih-Hsin Wang , William Feldman , Hong Zhang , Bao Wang

We introduce the first generative model trained on the JetClass dataset. Our model generates jets at the constituent level, and it is a permutation-equivariant continuous normalizing flow (CNF) trained with the flow matching technique. It…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-27 Joschka Birk , Erik Buhmann , Cedric Ewen , Gregor Kasieczka , David Shih

Partial observations of continuous time-series dynamics at arbitrary time stamps exist in many disciplines. Fitting this type of data using statistical models with continuous dynamics is not only promising at an intuitive level but also has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Ruizhi Deng , Marcus A. Brubaker , Greg Mori , Andreas M. Lehrmann

The class of recurrent mixture density networks is an important class of probabilistic models used extensively in sequence modeling and sequence-to-sequence mapping applications. In this class of models, the density of a target sequence in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Seyedeh Fatemeh Razavi , Reshad Hosseini , Tina Behzad

This paper investigates the connections between rectified flows, flow matching, and optimal transport. Flow matching is a recent approach to learning generative models by estimating velocity fields that guide transformations from a source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Johannes Hertrich , Antonin Chambolle , Julie Delon

We explore the use of autoregressive flows, a type of generative model with tractable likelihood, as a means of efficient generation of physical particle collider events. The usual maximum likelihood loss function is supplemented by an…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-17 Bob Stienen , Rob Verheyen

The continuous min flow-max cut principle is used to reformulate the 'complexity=volume' conjecture using Lorentzian flows -- divergenceless norm-bounded timelike vector fields whose minimum flux through a boundary subregion is equal to the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-01-04 Juan F. Pedraza , Andrea Russo , Andrew Svesko , Zachary Weller-Davies

Consistency models imitate the multi-step sampling of score-based diffusion in a single forward pass of a neural network. They can be learned in two ways: consistency distillation and consistency training. The former relies on the true…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Thibaut Issenhuth , Sangchul Lee , Ludovic Dos Santos , Jean-Yves Franceschi , Chansoo Kim , Alain Rakotomamonjy

Sampling a target probability distribution with an unknown normalization constant is a fundamental challenge in computational science and engineering. Recent work shows that algorithms derived by considering gradient flows in the space of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-12 Yifan Chen , Daniel Zhengyu Huang , Jiaoyang Huang , Sebastian Reich , Andrew M Stuart

We introduce a method for reconstructing an infinitesimal normalizing flow given only an infinitesimal change to a (possibly unnormalized) probability distribution. This reverses the conventional task of normalizing flows -- rather than…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-04 David Pfau , Danilo Rezende

In this paper we analyse and improve integer discrete flows for lossless compression. Integer discrete flows are a recently proposed class of models that learn invertible transformations for integer-valued random variables. Their discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Rianne van den Berg , Alexey A. Gritsenko , Mostafa Dehghani , Casper Kaae Sønderby , Tim Salimans

Generative flow networks (GFlowNets), as an emerging technique, can be used as an alternative to reinforcement learning for exploratory control tasks. GFlowNet aims to generate distribution proportional to the rewards over terminating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Yinchuan Li , Shuang Luo , Haozhi Wang , Jianye Hao

The dynamics of gradient and Hamiltonian flows with particular application to flows on adjoint orbits of a Lie group and the extension of this setting to flows on a loop group are discussed. Different types of gradient flows that arise from…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-08-31 Anthony M. Bloch , Philip J. Morrison , Tudor S. Ratiu