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Quantum technology can enable secure communication for cryptography purposes using quantum key distribution. Quantum key distribution protocols provide a secret key between two users with security guaranteed by the laws of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-11 Venkat Abhignan , Abhishek Jamunkar , Gokul Nair , Mohit Mittal , Megha Shrivastava

A quantum network is expected to enhance distributed quantum computing and quantum communication over a long distance while providing unconditional security. As quantum entanglement is essential for a quantum network, major issues from…

The utilization of quantum entanglement as a cryptographic resource has superseded conventional approaches to secure communication. Security and fidelity of intranetwork communication between quantum devices is the backbone of a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-11 Prateek Chawla , Adithi Ajith , C. M. Chandrashekar

Quantum networks use quantum mechanics properties of entanglement and teleportation to transfer data from one node to another. Hence, it is necessary to have an efficient mechanism to distribute entanglement among quantum network nodes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-29 Dibakar Das , Shiva Kumar Malapaka , Jyotsna Bapat , Debabrata Das

Quantum networks facilitate numerous applications such as secure communication and distributed quantum computation by performing entanglement distribution. Multi-user quantum applications where quantum information is shared between multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 Evan Sutcliffe , Alejandra Beghelli

The development of large-scale quantum communication networks necessitates the efficient distribution of quantum states to enable advanced cryptographic applications and distributed tasks. Multipartite entanglement is a key resource in many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Janka Memmen , Anna Pappa

Quantum communication enables a host of applications that cannot be achieved by classical communication means, with provably secure communication as one of the prime examples. The distance that quantum communication schemes can cover via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-12 Sebastiaan Brand , Tim Coopmans , David Elkouss

Near-term quantum computers can hold only a small number of qubits. One way to facilitate large-scale quantum computations is through a distributed network of quantum computers. In this work, we consider the problem of distributing quantum…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Ranjani G Sundaram , Himanshu Gupta , C. R. Ramakrishnan

Quantum repeaters have promised efficient scaling of quantum networks for over two decades. Despite numerous platforms proclaiming functional repeaters, the realization of large-scale networks remains elusive, indicating that the resources…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Manik Dawar , Ralf Riedinger , Nilesh Vyas , Paulo Mendes

Quantum networks are essential for advancing scalable quantum information processing. Quantum nonlocality sharing provides a crucial strategy for the resource-efficient recycling of quantum correlations, offering a promising pathway toward…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Ming-Xiao Li , Yuqi Li , Rui-Bin Xu , Mo-Ran Zhu , Haitao Ma , Chang-Yue Zhang , Zhu-Jun Zheng

We study the use of entanglement purification for quantum communication over long distances. For distances much longer than the coherence length of a corresponding noisy quantum channel, the fidelity of transmission is usually so low that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 W. Dür , H. - J. Briegel , J. I. Cirac , P. Zoller

Quantum communication networks enable applications ranging from highly secure communication to clock synchronization and distributed quantum computing. Miniaturized, flexible, and cost-efficient resources will be key elements for ensuring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-17 F. Appas , F. Baboux , M. I. Amanti , A. Lemaître , F. Boitier , E. Diamanti , S. Ducci

Large-scale quantum networks with thousands of nodes require scalable network protocols and physical hardware to realize. In this work, we introduce packet switching as a new paradigm for quantum data transmission in both future and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Stephen DiAdamo , Bing Qi , Glen Miller , Ramana Kompella , Alireza Shabani

The topology of classical networks is determined by physical links between nodes, and after a network request the links are used to establish the desired connections. Quantum networks offer the possibility to generate different kinds of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Jorge Miguel-Ramiro , Alexander Pirker , Wolfgang Dür

Sequences of commuting quantum operators can be parallelized using entanglement. This transformation is behind some optimal quantum metrology protocols and recent results on quantum circuit complexity. We show that dephasing quantum maps in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-29 Sergio Boixo , Chris Heunen

Quantum networks provide access to exchange of quantum information. The primary task of quantum networks is to distribute entanglement between remote nodes. Although quantum repeater protocol enables long distance entanglement distribution,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-03-19 Zong-Wen Wei , Bing-Hong Wang , Xiao-Pu Han

Quantum repeater networks play a crucial role in distributing entanglement. Various link architectures have been proposed to facilitate the creation of Bell pairs between distant nodes, with entangled photon sources emerging as a primary…

We propose an efficient quantum key distribution scheme based on entanglement. The sender chooses pairs of photons in one of the two equivalent nonmaximally entangled states randomly, and sends a sequence of photons from each pair to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Peng Xue , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

Quantum networks rely on the efficient distribution of entanglement to enable long-distance quantum communication and information processing. A key challenge in these networks is the design of routing protocols capable of maintaining high…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Javier Vecino Peñas , Ana Fernández-Vilas , Rebeca P. Díaz-Redondo , Sergio Gándara Gándara , Manuel Fernández-Veiga

Realizing secure communication between distant parties is one of quantum technology's main goals. Although quantum key distribution promises information-theoretic security for sharing a secret key, the key rate heavily depends on the level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Shin Sun , Kenneth Goodenough , Daniel Bhatti , David Elkouss