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The Tsetlin Machine (TM) is a novel machine learning algorithm with several distinct properties, including transparent inference and learning using hardware-near building blocks. Although numerous papers explore the TM empirically, many of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Lei Jiao , Xuan Zhang , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , K. Darshana Abeyrathna

The transformative impact of large language models (LLMs) like LLaMA and GPT on natural language processing is countered by their prohibitive computational demands. Pruning has emerged as a pivotal compression strategy, introducing sparsity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Guangji Bai , Yijiang Li , Chen Ling , Kibaek Kim , Liang Zhao

Tsetlin Machine (TM) has been gaining popularity as an inherently interpretable machine leaning method that is able to achieve promising performance with low computational complexity on a variety of applications. The interpretability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Jivitesh Sharma , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao

Spatiotemporal data mining (STDM) has a wide range of applications in various complex physical systems (CPS), i.e., transportation, manufacturing, healthcare, etc. Among all the proposed methods, the Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Junfeng Wu , Hadjer Benmeziane , Kaoutar El Maghraoui , Liu Liu , Yinan Wang

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) has achieved state-of-the-art performances on a wide range of tasks. Its outstanding performance is guaranteed by the long-term memory ability which matches the sequential data perfectly and the gating…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Shiwei Liu , Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a special class of recurrent neural network, which has shown remarkable successes in processing sequential data. The typical architecture of an LSTM involves a set of states and gates: the states retain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Arash Ardakani , Zhengyun Ji , Warren J. Gross

The recently introduced Tsetlin Machine (TM) has provided competitive pattern recognition accuracy in several benchmarks, however, requires a 3-dimensional hyperparameter search. In this paper, we introduce the Multigranular Tsetlin Machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Saeed Rahimi Gorji , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Adrian Phoulady , Morten Goodwin

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) is a propositional logic based model that uses conjunctive clauses to learn patterns from data. As with typical neural networks, the performance of a Tsetlin Machine is largely dependent on its parameter count, with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Calvin Kinateder

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance across a variety of domains. However, training MLLMs is often inefficient, as much of the computation is redundant due to the long input sequences from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Kean Shi , Liang Chen , Haozhe Zhao , Baobao Chang

Tsetlin Machines (TMs) have emerged as a compelling alternative to conventional deep learning methods, offering notable advantages such as smaller memory footprint, faster inference, fault-tolerant properties, and interpretability. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 K. Darshana Abeyrathna , Sara El Mekkaoui , Andreas Hafver , Christian Agrell

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human language, but efficient inference on resource-constrained embedded devices remains challenging due to large model sizes and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Weihong Xu , Haein Choi , Po-kai Hsu , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing

Sparse tensors are the most used representation of sparse multidimensional data. Operations that decompose them, selecting their most important features while reducing their dimension, have become prevalent procedures in machine learning.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Daniel Pacheco , Leonel Sousa , Aleksandar Ilic

This paper shows how to optimize sparse tensor algebraic expressions by introducing temporary tensors, called workspaces, into the resulting loop nests. We develop a new intermediate language for tensor operations called concrete index…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Fredrik Kjolstad , Willow Ahrens , Shoaib Kamil , Saman Amarasinghe

Feature Selection (FS) is crucial for improving model interpretability, reducing complexity, and sometimes for enhancing accuracy. The recently introduced Tsetlin machine (TM) offers interpretable clause-based learning, but lacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Vojtech Halenka , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao , Per-Arne Andersen

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) is a novel machine learning paradigm that employs finite-state automata for learning and utilizes propositional logic to represent patterns. Due to its simplistic approach, TMs are inherently more interpretable than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Mayur Kishor Shende , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Runar Helin , Vladimir I. Zadorozhny , Rishad Shafik

State-of-the-art Learned Sparse Retrieval (LSR) models, such as Splade, typically employ a Language Modeling (LM) head to project latent hidden states into a lexically-anchored logit matrix. This intermediate matrix is subsequently…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Thong Nguyen , Cosimo Rulli , Franco Maria Nardini , Rossano Venturini , Andrew Yates

We propose the Sparse Abstract Machine (SAM), an abstract machine model for targeting sparse tensor algebra to reconfigurable and fixed-function spatial dataflow accelerators. SAM defines a streaming dataflow abstraction with sparse…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Olivia Hsu , Maxwell Strange , Ritvik Sharma , Jaeyeon Won , Kunle Olukotun , Joel Emer , Mark Horowitz , Fredrik Kjolstad

Sparsity is regarded as a desirable property of representations, especially in terms of explanation. However, its usage has been limited due to the gap with dense representations. Most NLP research progresses in recent years are based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Wenpeng Hu , Mengyu Wang , Bing Liu , Feng Ji , Haiqing Chen , Dongyan Zhao , Jinwen Ma , Rui Yan

Real-world processes often contain intermediate state that can be modeled as an extremely sparse activation tensor. In this work, we analyze the identifiability of such sparse and local latent intermediate variables, which we call motifs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Kavi Gupta , Osbert Bastani , Armando Solar-Lezama

Exploiting activation sparsity is a promising approach to significantly accelerating the inference process of large language models (LLMs) without compromising performance. However, activation sparsity is determined by activation functions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Yixin Song , Haotong Xie , Zhengyan Zhang , Bo Wen , Li Ma , Zeyu Mi , Haibo Chen