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Adapting language models to new data distributions by simple finetuning is challenging. This is due to the rigidity of their subword tokenizers, which typically remain unchanged during adaptation. This inflexibility often leads to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Abraham Toluwase Owodunni , Orevaoghene Ahia , Sachin Kumar

The rapid development of artificial intelligence has significantly advanced semantic communications, particularly in wireless image transmission. However, most existing approaches struggle to precisely distinguish and prioritize image…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-24 Jiarun Ding , Peiwen Jiang , Chao-Kai Wen , Shi Jin

In forthcoming AI-assisted 6G networks, integrating semantic, pragmatic, and goal-oriented communication strategies becomes imperative. This integration will enable sensing, transmission, and processing of exclusively pertinent task data,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Tomás Hüttebräucker , Mohamed Sana , Emilio Calvanese Strinati

Transformers have offered a new methodology of designing neural networks for visual recognition. Compared to convolutional networks, Transformers enjoy the ability of referring to global features at each stage, yet the attention module…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Jiemin Fang , Lingxi Xie , Xinggang Wang , Xiaopeng Zhang , Wenyu Liu , Qi Tian

Text-to-image generation is conducted through Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) or transformer models. However, the current challenge lies in accurately generating images based on textual descriptions, especially in scenarios where the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Yang Li , Huaqiang Jiang , Yangkai Wu

Domain adaptation allows generative language models to address specific flaws caused by the domain shift of their application. However, the traditional adaptation by further training on in-domain data rapidly weakens the model's ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Michal Štefánik , Marek Kadlčík , Petr Sojka

Modern large language models use a fixed tokenizer to effectively compress text drawn from a source domain. However, applying the same tokenizer to a new target domain often leads to inferior compression, more costly inference, and reduced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Zhili Feng , Tanya Marwah , Nicolo Fusi , David Alvarez-Melis , Lester Mackey

Causal decoder-only transformer models used for generative language modelling, such as Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT), are trained to predict the next token in a sequence based only on its previous tokens. Despite this simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Nicholas Walker

Transformer with self-attention has led to the revolutionizing of natural language processing field, and recently inspires the emergence of Transformer-style architecture design with competitive results in numerous computer vision tasks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Yehao Li , Ting Yao , Yingwei Pan , Tao Mei

Satellite communications face severe bottlenecks in supporting high-fidelity synchronized audiovisual services, as conventional schemes struggle with cross-modal coherence under fluctuating channel conditions, limited bandwidth, and long…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-12 Fangyu Liu , Peiwen Jiang , Wenjin Wang , Chao-Kai Wen , Xiao Li , Shi Jin

Sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks are expected to support autonomous, immersive, and mission-critical services that require not only extreme data rates and ultra-low latency but also adaptive reasoning, cross-domain coordination, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ian F. Akyildiz , Tuğçe Bilen

Recent research in the design of end to end communication system using deep learning has produced models which can outperform traditional communication schemes. Most of these architectures leveraged autoencoders to design the encoder at the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Vishnu Raj , Sheetal Kalyani

Conversational modeling using Large Language Models (LLMs) requires a nuanced understanding of context to generate coherent and contextually relevant responses. In this paper, we present Token Trails, a novel approach that leverages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Md. Kowsher , Ritesh Panditi , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Prakash Bhat , Anupam Kumar Bairagi , Mohammad Shamsul Arefin

Dynamic graph learning plays a pivotal role in modeling evolving relationships over time, especially for temporal link prediction tasks in domains such as traffic systems, social networks, and recommendation platforms. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Tao Zou , Chengfeng Wu , Tianxi Liao , Junchen Ye , Bowen Du

This paper proposes a transformer over transformer framework, called Transformer$^2$, to perform neural text segmentation. It consists of two components: bottom-level sentence encoders using pre-trained transformers, and an upper-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Kelvin Lo , Yuan Jin , Weicong Tan , Ming Liu , Lan Du , Wray Buntine

Semantic communication (SemCom) has emerged as a promising paradigm that leverages Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to extract task-relevant information, thereby substantially reducing the volume of transmitted data. In existing implementations,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xingqiu He , Chaoqun You , Zihan Chen , Yao Sun , Dongzhu Liu , Tony Q. S. Quek , Yue Gao

Semantic communication is emerging as the next pillar in wireless communication technology due to its transformative capabilities in reducing communication overhead, enhancing robustness, and enabling intelligent information exchange. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Loc X. Nguyen , Avi Deb Raha , Pyae Sone Aung , Dusit Niyato , Zhu Han , Choong Seon Hong

Codebook-based generative semantic communication attracts increasing attention, since only indices are required to be transmitted when the codebook is shared between transmitter and receiver. However, due to the fact that the semantic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Peigen Ye , Yaping Sun , Shumin Yao , Hao Chen , Xiaodong Xu , Shuguang Cui

In this paper, we introduce token communications (TokCom), a large model-driven framework to leverage cross-modal context information in generative semantic communications (GenSC). TokCom is a new paradigm, motivated by the recent success…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Li Qiao , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , Zhen Gao , Rahim Tafazolli , Mehdi Bennis , Dusit Niyato

Neural agents trained in reinforcement learning settings can learn to communicate among themselves via discrete tokens, accomplishing as a team what agents would be unable to do alone. However, the current standard of using one-hot vectors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Mycal Tucker , Huao Li , Siddharth Agrawal , Dana Hughes , Katia Sycara , Michael Lewis , Julie Shah