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Robustness of huge Transformer-based models for natural language processing is an important issue due to their capabilities and wide adoption. One way to understand and improve robustness of these models is an exploration of an adversarial…

Deep learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which can fool a target classifier by imposing imperceptible perturbations onto natural examples. In this work, we consider the practical and challenging decision-based black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Qi-An Fu , Yinpeng Dong , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Technology is shaping our lives in a multitude of ways. This is fuelled by a technology infrastructure, both legacy and state of the art, composed of a heterogeneous group of hardware, software, services and organisations. Such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Julia A. Meister , Raja Naeem Akram , Konstantinos Markantonakis

Machine learning models are now widely deployed in real-world applications. However, the existence of adversarial examples has been long considered a real threat to such models. While numerous defenses aiming to improve the robustness have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Sahar Abdelnabi , Mario Fritz

Famous for its superior performance, deep learning (DL) has been popularly used within many applications, which also at the same time attracts various threats to the models. One primary threat is from adversarial attacks. Researchers have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Zizhuang Deng , Kai Chen , Guozhu Meng , Xiaodong Zhang , Ke Xu , Yao Cheng

Deep Learning (DL) is the most widely used tool in the contemporary field of computer vision. Its ability to accurately solve complex problems is employed in vision research to learn deep neural models for a variety of tasks, including…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Naveed Akhtar , Ajmal Mian , Navid Kardan , Mubarak Shah

With the wide application of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques in complex fields such as autonomous driving, intelligent manufacturing, and smart healthcare, how to improve its security and robustness in dynamic and changeable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Wu Yichao , Wang Yirui , Ding Panpan , Wang Hailong , Zhu Bingqian , Liu Chun

Deep neural network (DNN) architecture based models have high expressive power and learning capacity. However, they are essentially a black box method since it is not easy to mathematically formulate the functions that are learned within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Gaurav Goswami , Nalini Ratha , Akshay Agarwal , Richa Singh , Mayank Vatsa

In the last decade, deep neural networks have proven to be very powerful in computer vision tasks, starting a revolution in the computer vision and machine learning fields. However, deep neural networks, usually, are not robust to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Hao Qiu , Leonardo Lucio Custode , Giovanni Iacca

Deep neural network (DNN) as a popular machine learning model is found to be vulnerable to adversarial attack. This attack constructs adversarial examples by adding small perturbations to the raw input, while appearing unmodified to human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Pengcheng Li , Jinfeng Yi , Lijun Zhang

Machine learning (ML), especially deep learning (DL) techniques have been increasingly used in anomaly-based network intrusion detection systems (NIDS). However, ML/DL has shown to be extremely vulnerable to adversarial attacks, especially…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Dongqi Han , Zhiliang Wang , Ying Zhong , Wenqi Chen , Jiahai Yang , Shuqiang Lu , Xingang Shi , Xia Yin

Given the widespread use of deep learning models in safety-critical applications, ensuring that the decisions of such models are robust against adversarial exploitation is of fundamental importance. In this thesis, we discuss recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Alexander Robey

Machine learning (ML) models, e.g., deep neural networks (DNNs), are vulnerable to adversarial examples: malicious inputs modified to yield erroneous model outputs, while appearing unmodified to human observers. Potential attacks include…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-21 Nicolas Papernot , Patrick McDaniel , Ian Goodfellow , Somesh Jha , Z. Berkay Celik , Ananthram Swami

Although adversarial robustness has been extensively studied in white-box settings, recent advances in black-box attacks (including transfer- and query-based approaches) are primarily benchmarked against weak defenses, leaving a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Mohamed Djilani , Salah Ghamizi , Maxime Cordy

Deep learning systems are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples. In particular, query-based black-box attacks do not require knowledge of the deep learning model, but can compute adversarial examples over the network by submitting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Huiying Li , Shawn Shan , Emily Wenger , Jiayun Zhang , Haitao Zheng , Ben Y. Zhao

In this paper, we investigate the impact of adversarial attacks on the explainability of deep learning models, which are commonly criticized for their black-box nature despite their capacity for autonomous feature extraction. This black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Gazi Nazia Nur , Mohammad Ahnaf Sadat

As a new programming paradigm, deep learning has expanded its application to many real-world problems. At the same time, deep learning based software are found to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Though various defense mechanisms have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Zhe Zhao , Guangke Chen , Jingyi Wang , Yiwei Yang , Fu Song , Jun Sun

Traffic state prediction is necessary for many Intelligent Transportation Systems applications. Recent developments of the topic have focused on network-wide, multi-step prediction, where state of the art performance is achieved via deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Bibek Poudel , Weizi Li

Deep learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which poses an indisputable threat to their applications. However, recent studies observe gradient-masking defenses are self-deceiving methods if an attacker can realize this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Yueyao Yu , Pengfei Yu , Wenye Li

Deep Neural Networks were first developed decades ago, but it was not until recently that they started being extensively used, due to their computing power requirements. Since then, they are increasingly being applied to many fields and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Xabier Echeberria-Barrio , Amaia Gil-Lerchundi , Ines Goicoechea-Telleria , Raul Orduna-Urrutia