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The boson sampling problem has triggered a lot of interest in the scientific community because of its potential of demonstrating the computational power of quantum interference without the need of non-linear processes. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-18 Vincenzo Tamma , Simon Laibacher

We investigate the relationship between two distinct classical approaches to quantum systems: direct simulation from a classical description and sample-based learning from measurement data. While both tasks ultimately aim to reproduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 João Pedro Del Rey , Raúl O. Vallejos , Fernando de Melo

Sampling from the output distributions of quantum computations comprising only commuting gates, known as instantaneous quantum polynomial (IQP) computations, is believed to be intractable for classical computers, and hence this task has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Joel Rajakumar , James D. Watson , Yi-Kai Liu

Since the dawn of quantum computation science, a range of quantum algorithms have been proposed, yet few have experimentally demonstrated a definitive quantum advantage. Shor's algorithm, while renowned, has not been realized at a scale to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Chon-Fai Kam , En-Jui Kuo

Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) is a promising protocol for demonstrating quantum computational advantage. One of the key steps for proving classical hardness of GBS is the so-called ``hiding conjecture'', which asserts that one can ``hide''…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Laura Shou , Sarah H. Miller , Victor Galitski

Quantum simulation is a potentially powerful application of quantum computing, holding the promise to be able to emulate interesting quantum systems beyond the reach of classical computing methods. Despite such promising applications, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-07 Kaelyn J. Ferris , A. J. Rasmusson , Nicholas T. Bronn , Olivia Lanes

In a Boson Sampling quantum optical experiment we send $n$ individual photons into an $m$-mode interferometer and we measure the occupation pattern on the output. The statistics of this process depending on the permanent of a matrix…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Samo Novák , Raúl García-Patrón

Due to the unreliability and limited capacity of existing quantum computer prototypes, quantum circuit simulation continues to be a vital tool for validating next generation quantum computers and for studying variational quantum algorithms,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-01 Yipeng Huang , Steven Holtzen , Todd Millstein , Guy Van den Broeck , Margaret Martonosi

Analyzing the impact of noise is of fundamental importance to understand the advantages provided by quantum systems. While the classical simulability of noisy discrete-variable systems is increasingly well understood, noisy bosonic circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-12 Varun Upreti , Ulysse Chabaud , Zoë Holmes , Armando Angrisani

Characterizing the computational advantage from noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices is an important task from theoretical and practical perspectives. Here, we numerically investigate the computational power of NISQ devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-06 Changhun Oh , Kyungjoo Noh , Bill Fefferman , Liang Jiang

Quantum circuit simulators running on classical computers offer a vital platform for designing, testing, and optimizing quantum algorithms, driving innovation despite limited access to real quantum hardware. However, their scalability is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Gleb Kalachev , Pavel Mosharev , Zuoheng Zou , Pavel Panteleev , Man-Hong Yung

A boson sampling device is a specialised quantum computer that solves a problem which is strongly believed to be computationally hard for classical computers. Recently a number of small-scale implementations have been reported, all based on…

It is important to know noise levels of boson sampling in order to cautiously demonstrate the quantum computational advantage or realize certain tasks. Based on those statistical benchmark methods such as the correlators and clouds, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Yang Ji , Yongjin Ye , Qiao Wang , Shi Wang , Jie Hou , Yongzheng Wu , Zijian Wang , Bo Jiang

Boson sampling is a simple model for non-universal linear optics quantum computing using far fewer physical resources than universal schemes. An input state comprising vacuum and single photon states is fed through a Haar-random linear…

We use the class of commuting quantum computations known as IQP (Instantaneous Quantum Polynomial time) to strengthen the conjecture that quantum computers are hard to simulate classically. We show that, if either of two plausible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 Michael J. Bremner , Ashley Montanaro , Dan J. Shepherd

We develop Monte Carlo methods for sampling random states and corresponding bit strings in qubit systems. To this end, we derive exact probability density functions that yield the Porter-Thomas distribution in the limit of large systems. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Andreas Raab

Fermionic Linear Optics (FLO) is a restricted model of quantum computation which in its original form is known to be efficiently classically simulable. We show that, when initialized with suitable input states, FLO circuits can be used to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-14 Michał Oszmaniec , Ninnat Dangniam , Mauro E. S. Morales , Zoltán Zimborás

We have recently seen the first plausible claims for quantum advantage using sampling problems such as random circuit sampling and Gaussian boson sampling. The obvious next step is to channel the potential quantum advantage to solving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-27 Changhun Oh , Youngrong Lim , Yat Wong , Bill Fefferman , Liang Jiang

Although the emergence of a fully-functional quantum computer may still be far away from today, in the near future, it is possible to have medium-size, special-purpose, quantum devices that can perform computational tasks not efficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-28 Man-Hong Yung , Xun Gao

Quantum technologies have become a powerful paradigm for quantum information and simulation, while quantum chaos plays a key role in understanding complex quantum dynamics. Integrated photonics offers unique advantages for quantum…