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In this paper, a nonuniform size modified Poisson-Boltzmann ion channel (nuSMPBIC) model is presented as a nonlinear system of an electrostatic potential and multiple ionic concentrations. It mixes nonlinear algebraic equations with a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-09-14 Dexuan Xie

In this paper, a deep learning method for solving an improved one-dimensional Poisson-Nernst-Planck ion channel (PNPic) model, called the PNPic deep learning solver, is presented. In particular, it combines a novel local neural network…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 Hwi Lee , Zhen Chao , Harris Cobb , Yingjie Liu , Dexuan Xie

In this work, we introduce an inverse averaging finite element method (IAFEM) for solving the size-modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck (SMPNP) equations. Comparing with the classical Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations, the SMPNP equations add…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-12-06 Ruigang Shen , Qianru Zhang , ang Benzhuo Lu

The Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) model is a widely used implicit solvent model in protein simulations. Although variants, such as the size modified PB and nonlocal modified PB models, have been developed to account for ionic size effects and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Dexuan Xie , Liam Jemison , Yi Jiang

A macroscopic model to describe the dynamics of ion transport in ion channels is the Poisson-Nernst-Planck(PNP) equations. In this paper, we develop a finite-difference method for solving PNP equations, which is second-order accurate in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-03-18 Allen Flavell , Michael Machen , Bob Eisenberg , Chun Liu , Xiaofan Li

An integral equation method is presented for the 1D steady-state Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations modeling ion transport through membrane channels. The differential equations are recast as integral equations using Green's 3rd identity…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-11 Zhen Chao , Weihua Geng , Robert Krasny

We present a 3D finite element solver for the nonlinear Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations for electrodiffusion, coupled to the Stokes system of fluid dynamics. The model serves as a building block for the simulation of macromolecule…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 Gregor Mitscha-Baude , Andreas Buttinger-Kreuzhuber , Gerhard Tulzer , Clemens Heitzinger

Numerical methods are proposed for an advanced Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Fermi (PNPF) model for studying ion transport through biological ion channels. PNPF contains many more correlations than most models and simulations of channels, because…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-22 Jinn-Liang Liu , Bob Eisenberg

Ion transport, often described by the Poisson--Nernst--Planck (PNP) equations, is ubiquitous in electrochemical devices and many biological processes of significance. In this work, we develop conservative, positivity-preserving, energy…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-07-15 Jie Ding , Zhongming Wang , Shenggao Zhou

The size-modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation (SMPBE) is one important variant of the popular dielectric model, the Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE), to reflect ionic size effects in the prediction of electrostatics for a biomolecule in an…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-10-21 Jinyong Ying , Dexuan Xie

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations are fundamental for modeling ion transport in electrochemical systems, capturing the intricate interplay of concentration gradients, electric fields, and ion fluxes essential for applications such…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Yitao He , Dan Zhao

The steady-state Poisson-Nernst-Planck (ssPNP) equations are an effective model for the description of ionic transport in ion channels. It is observed that an ion channel exhibits voltage-dependent switching between open and closed states.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-11-17 Jie Ding , Hui Sun , Zhongming Wang , Shenggao Zhou

Ion transport through narrow channels is described by the coupled Poisson--Nernst--Planck--Stokes equations (PNPS) on a continuum scale. However, direct numerical simulations in two or three dimensions of boundary value problems for small…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Christine Keller , Andreas Münch , Barbara Wagner

Effective Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations are derived for macroscopic ion transport in charged porous media under periodic fluid flow by an asymptotic multi-scale expansion with drift. The microscopic setting is a two-component…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-07-16 Markus Schmuck , Martin Z. Bazant

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations are one of the most effective model for describing electrostatic interactions and diffusion processes in ion solution systems, and have been widely used in the numerical simulations of biological…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Yang Liu , Shi Shu , Ying Yang

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) system is a widely accepted model for simulation of ionic channels. In this paper, we design, analyze, and numerically validate a second order unconditional positivity-preserving scheme for solving a reduced…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-01 Hailiang Liu , Wumaier Maimaitiyiming

Superlevel partitioning is combined with a simple relaxation procedure to construct an iterative technique for solving equations of statistical equilibrium. In treating an $N$-level model atom, the technique avoids the $N^{3}$ scaling in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 L. B. Lucy

In this study, we present a finite element solver for a thermodynamically consistent electrolyte model that accurately captures multicomponent ionic transport by incorporating key physical phenomena such as steric effects, solvation, and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Jan Habscheid , Satyvir Singh , Lambert Theisen , Stefanie Braun , Manuel Torrilhon

The main goal of this work is to examine the qualitative effect of ion sizes via a steady-state boundary value problem. We study a one-dimensional version of a Poisson-Nernst-Planck system with a local hard-sphere potential model for ionic…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-03-18 Weishi Liu , Hamid Mofidi

We have developed efficient numerical algorithms for solving 3D steady-state Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations with excess chemical potentials described by the classical density functional theory (cDFT). The coupled PNP equations are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-08-24 Da Meng , Bin Zheng , Guang Lin , Maria L. Sushko
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