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Variational quantum circuits are increasingly studied as continuous-function approximators, but quantum regression remains difficult to train when global losses, finite-shot stochasticity, and circuit-depth growth combine to produce weak or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Qingyu Meng , Yangshuai Wang

Hybrid quantum-classical computing in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era with variational algorithms can exhibit barren plateau issues, causing difficult convergence of gradient-based optimization techniques. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-08 Po-Wei Huang , Patrick Rebentrost

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a powerful class of algorithms that is highly suitable for noisy quantum devices. Therefore, investigating their design has become key in quantum computing research. Previous works have…

Variational Quantum Computing (VQC) faces fundamental scalability barriers, primarily due to barren plateaus and sensitivity to quantum noise. To address these challenges, we introduce TensorHyper-VQC, a novel tensor-train (TT)-guided…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-10 Jun Qi , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Pin-Yu Chen , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

We simulate the effects of different types of noise in state preparation circuits of variational quantum algorithms. We first use a variational quantum eigensolver to find the ground state of a Hamiltonian in presence of noise, and adopt…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Enrico Fontana , Nathan Fitzpatrick , David Muñoz Ramo , Ross Duncan , Ivan Rungger

Quantum machine learning has proven to be a fruitful area in which to search for potential applications of quantum computers. This is particularly true for those available in the near term, so called noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Brian Coyle

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid algorithm that has the potential to provide a quantum advantage in practical chemistry problems that are currently intractable on classical computers. VQE trains parameterized quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-10 Quoc Hoan Tran , Shinji Kikuchi , Hirotaka Oshima

Variational quantum algorithms are expected to demonstrate the advantage of quantum computing on near-term noisy quantum computers. However, training such variational quantum algorithms suffers from gradient vanishing as the size of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 Anbang Wu , Gushu Li , Yuke Wang , Boyuan Feng , Yufei Ding , Yuan Xie

Variational Quantum Algorithms are among the most promising systems to implement quantum computing under the Noisy-Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) technology. In variational quantum algorithm, wavefunction represented by a parametrized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-02 H. Davoodi Yeganeh

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) face an inherent trade-off between expressivity and trainability: deeper circuits can represent richer states but suffer from noise accumulation and barren plateaus, while shallow circuits remain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Shaojun Wu , Shan Jin , Abolfazl Bayat , Xiaoting Wang

Variational quantum algorithms (VQA) have emerged as a promising quantum alternative for solving optimization and machine learning problems using parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs). The design of these circuits influences the ability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-18 Alexander Benítez-Buenache , Queralt Portell-Montserrat

Variational quantum circuits (VQCs) are a central component of many quantum machine learning algorithms, offering a hybrid quantum-classical framework that, under certain aspects, can be considered similar to classical deep neural networks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Nicola Assolini , Luca Marzari , Isabella Mastroeni , Alessandra di Pierro

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are expected to be a path to quantum advantages on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. However, both empirical and theoretical results exhibit that the deployed ansatz heavily affects the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-31 Yuxuan Du , Tao Huang , Shan You , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Dacheng Tao

Variational quantum circuits build the foundation for various classes of quantum algorithms. In a nutshell, the weights of a parametrized quantum circuit are varied until the empirical sampling distribution of the circuit is sufficiently…

Recent advancements in quantum computing (QC) and machine learning (ML) have garnered significant attention, leading to substantial efforts toward the development of quantum machine learning (QML) algorithms to address a variety of complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-18 Samuel Yen-Chi Chen

We introduce a general framework called neural network (NN) encoded variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), or NN-VQA for short, to address the challenges of implementing VQAs on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-06 Jiaqi Miao , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Shi-Xin Zhang

We propose a noise-mitigation quantum simulation strategy for near-term quantum devices based on Quantum Circuit Learning (QCL), which is in particular effective for integrable quantum spin chains. The method trains a shallow variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Wenlong Zhao , Yimeng Zhang , Yan Guo , Yufan Cui , Zhuohang Wang , Rui-Dong Zhu

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) combine the advantages of classical optimization and quantum computation, making them one of the most promising approaches in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. However, when optimized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Zhehao Yi , Rahul Bhadani

Variational hybrid quantum-classical optimization represents one of the most promising avenue to show the advantage of nowadays noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers in solving hard problems, such as finding the minimum-energy state of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Laura Gentini , Alessandro Cuccoli , Stefano Pirandola , Paola Verrucchi , Leonardo Banchi

Despite the advantage quantum computers are expected to deliver when performing simulations compared to their classical counterparts, the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices remain limited in their capabilities. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-20 Clara Ferreira Cores , Kaur Kristjuhan , Mark Nicholas Jones