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The real- and imaginary-time evolution of quantum states are powerful tools in physics, chemistry, and beyond, to investigate quantum dynamics, prepare ground states or calculate thermodynamic observables. On near-term devices, variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Julien Gacon , Jannes Nys , Riccardo Rossi , Stefan Woerner , Giuseppe Carleo

In this paper we develop a quantum algorithm to realize finite temperature simulation on a quantum computer. As quantum computers use real-time evolution we did not use the imaginary time methods popular on classical algorithms. Instead, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-11 Raffaele Miceli , Michael McGuigan

Double-bracket quantum imaginary-time evolution (DB-QITE) is a quantum algorithm which coherently implements steps in the Riemannian steepest-descent direction for the energy cost function. DB-QITE is derived from Brockett's double-bracket…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 René Zander , Raphael Seidel , Li Xiaoyue , Marek Gluza

The imaginary-time evolution of quantum states is integral to various fields, ranging from natural sciences to classical optimization or machine learning. Since simulating quantum imaginary-time evolution generally requires storing an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Julien Gacon , Christa Zoufal , Giuseppe Carleo , Stefan Woerner

As of now, an optimal quantum algorithm solving partial differential equations eludes us. There are several different methods, each with their own strengths and weaknesses. In past years comparisons of these existing methods have been made,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Samantha Tseng , Abhyudaya Chouhan , Dominic Cupidon

Maxwells equations are fundamental to our understanding of electromagnetic fields, but their solution can be computationally demanding, even for high-performance computing clusters. Quantum computers offer a promising alternative for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-23 Nam Nguyen , Richard Thompson

Dynamic quantum circuits combine mid-circuit measurement with classical feed-forward, enabling circuit constructions with reduced entangling-gate depth. Here, we investigate their use in Quantum Imaginary Time Evolution (QITE), where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Albert Lund , Erika Magnusson , Werner Dobrautz , Laura García-Álvarez

In this work, we obtain the numerical temperature field to a thermally developing fluid flow inside parallel plates problem with a quantum computing method. The physical problem deals with the heat transfer of a steady state,…

The variational quantum imaginary time evolution (VarQITE) algorithm is a near-term method to prepare the ground state and Gibbs state of Hamiltonians. Finding an appropriate parameterization of the quantum circuit is crucial to the success…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-26 Xiaoyang Wang , Yahui Chai , Maria Demidik , Xu Feng , Karl Jansen , Cenk Tüysüz

Imaginary-time evolution has been shown to be a promising framework for tackling combinatorial optimization problems on quantum hardware. In this work, we propose a classical quantum-inspired strategy for solving combinatorial optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Erik M. Åsgrim , Ahsan Javed Awan

We introduce the framework of model space into quantum imaginary time evolution (QITE) to enable stable estimation of ground and excited states using a quantum computer. Model-space QITE (MSQITE) propagates a model space to the exact one by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-02 Takashi Tsuchimochi , Yoohee Ryo , Siu Chung Tsang , Seiichiro L. Ten-no

One of the most important topics in quantum scientific computing is solving differential equations. In this paper, generalized quantum functional expansion (QFE) framework is proposed. In the QFE framework, a functional expansion of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 Jinhwan Sul , Yan Wang

The time evolution operator plays a crucial role in the precise computation of chemical experiments on quantum computers and holds immense promise for advancing the fields of physical and computer sciences, with applications spanning…

We propose an imaginary time equivalent of the well-established Pauli gadget primitive for Trotter-decomposed real time evolution, using mid-circuit measurements on a single ancilla qubit. Imaginary time evolution (ITE) is widely used for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-31 Chiara Leadbeater , Nathan Fitzpatrick , David Muñoz Ramo , Alex J. W. Thom

Quantum computers are predicted to outperform classical ones for solving partial differential equations, perhaps exponentially. Here we consider a prototypical PDE - the heat equation in a rectangular region - and compare in detail the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-19 Noah Linden , Ashley Montanaro , Changpeng Shao

Linear differential equations are ubiquitous in science and engineering. Quantum computers can simulate quantum systems, which are described by a restricted type of linear differential equations. Here we extend quantum simulation algorithms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-21 Dominic W. Berry

The accurate computation of Hamiltonian ground, excited, and thermal states on quantum computers stands to impact many problems in the physical and computer sciences, from quantum simulation to machine learning. Given the challenges posed…

We present and experimentally realize a quantum algorithm for efficiently solving the following problem: given an $N\times N$ matrix $\mathcal{M}$, an $N$-dimensional vector $\textbf{\emph{b}}$, and an initial vector $\textbf{\emph{x}}(0)$,…

The current generation of noisy intermediate scale quantum computers introduces new opportunities to study quantum many-body systems. In this paper, we show that quantum circuits can provide a dramatically more efficient representation than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Sheng-Hsuan Lin , Rohit Dilip , Andrew G. Green , Adam Smith , Frank Pollmann

We use Quantum Imaginary Time Evolution (QITE) to solve polynomial unconstrained binary optimization (PUBO) problems. We show that a linear Ansatz yields good results for a wide range of PUBO problems, often outperforming standard classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-29 Nora M. Bauer , Rizwanul Alam , James Ostrowski , George Siopsis