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Several multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms have been proposed to optimize agents decisions. Due to the complexity of the problem, the majority of the previously developed MARL algorithms assumed agents either had some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Sherief Abdallah , Victor Lesser

In this paper, we study the cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) problems using Reward Machines (RMs) to specify the reward functions such that the prior knowledge of high-level events in a task can be leveraged to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xuejing Zheng , Chao Yu

Learning optimal policies in sparse rewards settings is difficult as the learning agent has little to no feedback on the quality of its actions. In these situations, a good strategy is to focus on exploration, hopefully leading to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Giuseppe Paolo , Miranda Coninx , Alban Laflaquière , Stephane Doncieux

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) approaches tackle the challenge of finding effective multi-agent cooperation strategies for accomplishing individual or shared objectives in multi-agent teams. In real-world scenarios,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Yasin Findik , Paul Robinette , Kshitij Jerath , S. Reza Ahmadzadeh

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is increasingly used to design learning-enabled agents that interact in shared environments. However, training MARL algorithms in general-sum games remains challenging: learning dynamics can become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Addison Kalanther , Sanika Bharvirkar , Shankar Sastry , Chinmay Maheshwari

Designing efficient algorithms for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is fundamentally challenging because the size of the joint state and action spaces grows exponentially in the number of agents. These difficulties are exacerbated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Emile Anand , Ishani Karmarkar , Guannan Qu

Large Language Model-based multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown remarkable progress in solving complex tasks through collaborative reasoning and inter-agent critique. However, existing approaches typically treat each task in isolation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yilong Li , Chen Qian , Yu Xia , Ruijie Shi , Yufan Dang , Zihao Xie , Ziming You , Weize Chen , Cheng Yang , Weichuan Liu , Ye Tian , Xuantang Xiong , Lei Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

We introduce the Laser Learning Environment (LLE), a collaborative multi-agent reinforcement learning environment in which coordination is central. In LLE, agents depend on each other to make progress (interdependence), must jointly take…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Yannick Molinghen , Raphaël Avalos , Mark Van Achter , Ann Nowé , Tom Lenaerts

Recently, deep multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has gained significant popularity due to its success in various cooperative multi-agent tasks. However, exploration still remains a challenging problem in MARL due to the partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Yonghyeon Jo , Sunwoo Lee , Junghyuk Yeom , Seungyul Han

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods, while effective in zero-sum or positive-sum games, often yield suboptimal outcomes in general-sum games where cooperation is essential for achieving globally optimal outcomes. Matrix game…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Mustafa Yasir , Andrew Howes , Vasilios Mavroudis , Chris Hicks

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) approaches have emerged as popular solutions to address the general challenges of cooperation in multi-agent environments, where the success of achieving shared or individual goals critically…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Reza Azadeh

Deep Reinforcement Learning has made significant progress in multi-agent systems in recent years. In this review article, we have focused on presenting recent approaches on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Afshin OroojlooyJadid , Davood Hajinezhad

The multi-agent setting is intricate and unpredictable since the behaviors of multiple agents influence one another. To address this environmental uncertainty, distributional reinforcement learning algorithms that incorporate uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Jihwan Oh , Joonkee Kim , Minchan Jeong , Se-Young Yun

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms are widely adopted in tackling complex tasks that require collaboration and competition among agents in dynamic Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, learning such tasks from scratch is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Ayesha Siddika Nipu , Siming Liu , Anthony Harris

In this work, we study the problem of finding Pareto optimal policies in multi-agent reinforcement learning problems with cooperative reward structures. We show that any algorithm where each agent only optimizes their reward is subject to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Bang Giang Le , Viet Cuong Ta

Sparse rewards are a major bottleneck in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), where simultaneous learning induces non-stationarity and makes reward design especially delicate. Reward shaping can accelerate learning, but in the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Elie Abboud , Oren Gal

Incorporating symmetry as an inductive bias into multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has led to improvements in generalization, data efficiency, and physical consistency. While prior research has succeeded in using perfect symmetry…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Xin Yu , Rongye Shi , Pu Feng , Yongkai Tian , Simin Li , Shuhao Liao , Wenjun Wu

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms have accomplished remarkable breakthroughs in solving large-scale decision-making tasks. Nonetheless, most existing MARL algorithms are model-free, limiting sample efficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Qihan Liu , Jianing Ye , Xiaoteng Ma , Jun Yang , Bin Liang , Chongjie Zhang

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has achieved promising results in recent years. However, most existing reinforcement learning methods require a large amount of data for model training. In addition, data-efficient reinforcement…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Xin Yu , Rongye Shi , Pu Feng , Yongkai Tian , Jie Luo , Wenjun Wu

In this paper, we propose a novel benchmark called the StarCraft Multi-Agent Challenges+, where agents learn to perform multi-stage tasks and to use environmental factors without precise reward functions. The previous challenges (SMAC)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Mingyu Kim , Jihwan Oh , Yongsik Lee , Joonkee Kim , Seonghwan Kim , Song Chong , Se-Young Yun