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Diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools for 3D medical image generation, yet bridging the gap between standard training objectives and clinical relevance remains a challenge. This paper presents a method to enhance 3D diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yueying Tian , Xudong Han , Meng Zhou , Rodrigo Aviles-Espinosa , Rupert Young , Philip Birch

Diffusion models (DMs) have recently gained attention with state-of-the-art performance in text-to-image synthesis. Abiding by the tradition in deep learning, DMs are trained and evaluated on the images with fixed sizes. However, users are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Zhiyu Jin , Xuli Shen , Bin Li , Xiangyang Xue

Diffusion and flow-matching models scale because pretraining is supervised regression: a clean sample is noised analytically, and a model regresses against a closed-form target. RL post-training aligns the model with a reward. In image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Andreas Bergmeister , Stefanie Jegelka , Nikolas Nüsken , Carles Domingo-Enrich , Jakiw Pidstrigach

Despite recent progress, reinforcement learning (RL)-based fine-tuning of diffusion models often struggles with generalization, composability, and robustness against reward hacking. Recent studies have explored prompt refinement as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Suhyeon Lee , Jong Chul Ye

Training diffusion models on limited datasets poses challenges in terms of limited generation capacity and expressiveness, leading to unsatisfactory results in various downstream tasks utilizing pretrained diffusion models, such as domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Jiwan Hur , Jaehyun Choi , Gyojin Han , Dong-Jae Lee , Junmo Kim

Reinforcement learning (RL) has improved guided image generation with diffusion models by directly optimizing rewards that capture image quality, aesthetics, and instruction following capabilities. However, the resulting generative policies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Owen Oertell , Jonathan D. Chang , Yiyi Zhang , Kianté Brantley , Wen Sun

This paper explores advancements in high-fidelity personalized image generation through the utilization of pre-trained text-to-image diffusion models. While previous approaches have made significant strides in generating versatile scenes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Zhonghao Wang , Wei Wei , Yang Zhao , Zhisheng Xiao , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Humphrey Shi , Tingbo Hou

In recent years, large-scale pre-trained diffusion models have demonstrated their outstanding capabilities in image and video generation tasks. However, existing models tend to produce visual objects commonly found in the training dataset,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Changgu Chen , Libing Yang , Xiaoyan Yang , Lianggangxu Chen , Gaoqi He , CHangbo Wang , Yang Li

Recently, the strong latent Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DPM) has been applied to high-quality Text-to-Image (T2I) generation (e.g., Stable Diffusion), by injecting the encoded target text prompt into the gradually denoised diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Mingyang Yi , Aoxue Li , Yi Xin , Zhenguo Li

Recent advances in text-to-image diffusion models, particularly Stable Diffusion, have enabled the generation of highly detailed and semantically rich images. However, personalizing these models to represent novel subjects based on a few…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Amritanshu Tiwari , Cherish Puniani , Kaustubh Sharma , Ojasva Nema

Recent advances in text-to-image diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generating high-quality, realistic images from textual descriptions. However, these approaches have faced challenges in precisely aligning the generated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Zutao Jiang , Guian Fang , Jianhua Han , Guansong Lu , Hang Xu , Shengcai Liao , Xiaojun Chang , Xiaodan Liang

Diffusion models have shown promising results on single-image super-resolution and other image- to-image translation tasks. Despite this success, they have not outperformed state-of-the-art GAN models on the more challenging blind…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Hshmat Sahak , Daniel Watson , Chitwan Saharia , David Fleet

Reinforcement learning fine-tuning has become the dominant approach for aligning diffusion models with human preferences. However, assessing images is intrinsically a multi-dimensional task, and multiple evaluation criteria need to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Canyu Zhao , Hao Chen , Yunze Tong , Yu Qiao , Jiacheng Li , Chunhua Shen

Large-scale Text-to-Image (T2I) diffusion models have revolutionized image generation over the last few years. Although owning diverse and high-quality generation capabilities, translating these abilities to fine-grained image editing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Chong Mou , Xintao Wang , Jiechong Song , Ying Shan , Jian Zhang

Recent advancements in diffusion models have positioned them at the forefront of image generation. Despite their superior performance, diffusion models are not without drawbacks; they are characterized by complex architectures and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Yuda Song , Zehao Sun , Xuanwu Yin

Diffusion models excel at generating high-likelihood samples but often require alignment with downstream objectives. Existing fine-tuning methods for diffusion models significantly suffer from reward over-optimization, resulting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Hyeongyu Kang , Jaewoo Lee , Woocheol Shin , Kiyoung Om , Jinkyoo Park

In recent years, a variety of tasks have been accomplished by deep reinforcement learning (DRL). However, when applying DRL to tasks in a real-world environment, designing an appropriate reward is difficult. Rewards obtained via actual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Kanata Suzuki , Tetsuya Ogata

Unsupervised learning of feature representations is a challenging yet important problem for analyzing a large collection of multimedia data that do not have semantic labels. Recently proposed neural network-based unsupervised learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Takahiko Furuya , Ryutarou Ohbuchi

Diffusion models have emerged as frontrunners in text-to-image generation, but their fixed image resolution during training often leads to challenges in high-resolution image generation, such as semantic deviations and object replication.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Haoning Wu , Shaocheng Shen , Qiang Hu , Xiaoyun Zhang , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

Recent advancements in text-to-image generative systems have been largely driven by diffusion models. However, single-stage text-to-image diffusion models still face challenges, in terms of computational efficiency and the refinement of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Wendi Zheng , Jiayan Teng , Zhuoyi Yang , Weihan Wang , Jidong Chen , Xiaotao Gu , Yuxiao Dong , Ming Ding , Jie Tang
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