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With the rapid development of automated vehicles (AVs) in recent years, commercially available AVs are increasingly demonstrating high-level automation capabilities. However, most existing AV safety evaluation methods are primarily designed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hang Zhou , Chengyuan Ma , Shiyu Shen , Zhaohui Liang , Xiaopeng Li

The interest in autonomous vehicles (AVs) for critical missions, including transportation, rescue, surveillance, reconnaissance, and mapping, is growing rapidly due to their significant safety and mobility benefits. AVs consist of complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Md Wasiul Haque , Md Erfan , Sagar Dasgupta , Md Rayhanur Rahman , Mizanur Rahman

We present an optimization-based method to plan the motion of an autonomous robot under the uncertainties associated with dynamic obstacles, such as humans. Our method bounds the marginal risk of collisions at each point in time by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-24 O. de Groot , B. Brito , L. Ferranti , D. Gavrila , J. Alonso-Mora

Scenario-based testing has emerged as a common method for autonomous vehicles (AVs) safety assessment, offering a more efficient alternative to mile-based testing by focusing on high-risk scenarios. However, fundamental questions persist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xingyu Zhao , Robab Aghazadeh-Chakherlou , Chih-Hong Cheng , Peter Popov , Lorenzo Strigini

Real-world crash reports, which combine textual summaries and sketches, are valuable for scenario-based testing of autonomous driving systems (ADS). However, current methods cannot effectively translate this multimodal data into precise,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Fida Khandaker Safa , Yupeng Jiang , Xi Zheng

Safety-critical scenario generation is crucial for evaluating autonomous driving systems. However, existing approaches often struggle to balance three conflicting objectives: adversarial criticality, physical feasibility, and behavioral…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Jinlong Cui , Fenghua Liang , Guo Yang , Chengcheng Tang , Jianxun Cui

To ensure their safe use, autonomous vehicles (AVs) must meet rigorous certification criteria that involve executing maneuvers safely within (arbitrary) scenarios where other actors perform their intended maneuvers. For that purpose,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Aren A. Babikian , Attila Ficsor , Oszkár Semeráth , Gunter Mussbacher , Dániel Varró

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) requires identifying rare but critical failure cases that on-road testing alone cannot discover. High-fidelity simulations provide a scalable alternative, but automatically generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Amar Kulkarni , Shangtong Zhang , Madhur Behl

Achieving greater autonomy in automation systems is crucial for handling unforeseen situations effectively. However, this remains challenging due to technological limitations and the complexity of real-world environments. This paper…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Johannes Sigel , Daniel Dittler , Nasser Jazdi , Michael Weyrich

Traditional methods for developing and evaluating autonomous driving functions, such as model-in-the-loop (MIL) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations, heavily depend on the accuracy of simulated vehicle models and human factors,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Haochong Chen , Xincheng Cao , Levent Guvenc , Bilin Aksun Guvenc

Automated Driving is revolutionizing many of the traditional ways of operation in the automotive industry. The impact on safety engineering of automotive functions is arguably one of the most important changes. There has been a need to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Naveen Mohan , Martin Törngren

The SOTIF standard (ISO 21448) requires scenario-based testing to verify and validate Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Automated Driving Systems but does not suggest any practical way to do so effectively and efficiently. Existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Lukas Birkemeyer , Julian Fuchs , Alessio Gambi , Ina Schaefer

As shown by recent studies, machine intelligence-enabled systems are vulnerable to test cases resulting from either adversarial manipulation or natural distribution shifts. This has raised great concerns about deploying machine learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Chejian Xu , Wenhao Ding , Weijie Lyu , Zuxin Liu , Shuai Wang , Yihan He , Hanjiang Hu , Ding Zhao , Bo Li

Achieving safe and robust autonomy is the key bottleneck on the path towards broader adoption of autonomous vehicles technology. This motivates going beyond extrinsic metrics such as miles between disengagement, and calls for approaches…

New autonomous driving technologies are emerging every day and some of them have been commercially applied in the real world. While benefiting from these technologies, autonomous trucks are facing new challenges in short-term maintenance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Xin Tao , Jonas Mårtensson , Håkan Warnquist , Anna Pernestål

In order to find the most likely failure scenarios which may occur under certain given operation domain, critical-scenario-based test is supposed as an effective and widely used method, which gives suggestions for designers to improve the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Yizhou Xie , Kunpeng Dai , Yong Zhang

Verification and validation of autonomous driving (AD) systems and components is of increasing importance, as such technology increases in real-world prevalence. Safety-critical scenario generation is a key approach to robustify AD policies…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Benjamin Stoler , Ingrid Navarro , Jonathan Francis , Jean Oh

The development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) has made significant progress in the last years. An essential aspect in the development of AVs is the assessment of quality and performance aspects of the AVs, such as safety, comfort, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Erwin de Gelder , Olaf Op den Camp

This paper introduces a new computational framework to account for uncertainties in day-ahead electricity market clearing process in the presence of demand response providers. A central challenge when dealing with many demand response…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-12-01 Hao Ming , Le Xie , Marco Campi , Simone Garatti , P. R. Kumar

Autonomous driving testing increasingly relies on mining safety critical scenarios from large scale naturalistic driving data, yet existing screening pipelines still depend on manual risk annotation and expensive frame by frame risk…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Chen Xiong , Ziwen Wang , Deqi Wang , Cheng Wang , Yiyang Chen , He Zhang , Chao Gou