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NL2SQL (Natural Language to Structured Query Language) transformation has seen wide adoption in Business Intelligence (BI) applications in recent years. However, existing NL2SQL benchmarks are not suitable for production BI scenarios, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Bora Caglayan , Mingxue Wang , John D. Kelleher , Shen Fei , Gui Tong , Jiandong Ding , Puchao Zhang

NL2SQL (natural language to SQL) translates natural language questions into SQL queries, thereby making structured data accessible to non-technical users, serving as the foundation for intelligent data applications. State-of-the-art NL2SQL…

Translating users' natural language queries (NL) into SQL queries (i.e., Text-to-SQL, a.k.a. NL2SQL) can significantly reduce barriers to accessing relational databases and support various commercial applications. The performance of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xinyu Liu , Shuyu Shen , Boyan Li , Peixian Ma , Runzhi Jiang , Yuxin Zhang , Ju Fan , Guoliang Li , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Relational database management systems (RDBMSs) are powerful because they are able to optimize and answer queries against any relational database. A natural language interface (NLI) for a database, on the other hand, is tailored to support…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Wenlu Wang , Yingtao Tian , Hongyu Xiong , Haixun Wang , Wei-Shinn Ku

Natural Language Interfaces for Databases (NLIDBs) aim to make database querying accessible by allowing users to ask questions in everyday language rather than using formal SQL queries. Despite significant advancements in translation…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Panos Ipeirotis , Haotian Zheng

It is a long term desire of the computer users to minimize the communication gap between the computer and a human. On the other hand, almost all ICT applications store information in to databases and retrieve from them. Retrieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-08-20 Rukshan Alexander , Prashanthi Rukshan , Sinnathamby Mahesan

Generating accurate SQL from users' natural language questions (text-to-SQL) remains a long-standing challenge due to the complexities involved in user question understanding, database schema comprehension, and SQL generation. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zijin Hong , Zheng Yuan , Qinggang Zhang , Hao Chen , Junnan Dong , Feiran Huang , Xiao Huang

NL2SQL (natural language to SQL) systems translate natural language into SQL queries, allowing users with no technical background to interact with databases and create tools like reports or visualizations. While recent advancements in large…

Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) technology empowers non-expert users to query relational databases without requiring SQL expertise. While large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved NL2SQL algorithms, their rapid development…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Shizheng Hou , Wenqi Pei , Nuo Chen , Quang-Trung Ta , Peng Lu , Beng Chin Ooi

With the future striving toward data-centric decision-making, seamless access to databases is of utmost importance. There is extensive research on creating an efficient text-to-sql (TEXT2SQL) model to access data from the database. Using a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Ayush Kumar , Parth Nagarkar , Prabhav Nalhe , Sanjeev Vijayakumar

Enterprises commonly deploy heterogeneous database systems, each of which owns a distinct SQL dialect with different syntax rules, built-in functions, and execution constraints. However, most existing NL2SQL methods assume a single dialect…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xiang Zhang , Hongming Xu , Le Zhou , Wei Zhou , Xuanhe Zhou , Guoliang Li , Yuyu Luo , Changdong Liu , Guorun Chen , Jiang Liao , Fan Wu

The natural language to SQL (NL2SQL) task plays a pivotal role in democratizing data access by enabling non-expert users to interact with relational databases through intuitive language. While recent frameworks have enhanced translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 David Onyango , Naseef Mansoor

Translating users' natural language questions into SQL queries (i.e., NL2SQL) significantly lowers the barriers to accessing relational databases. The emergence of Large Language Models has introduced a novel paradigm in NL2SQL tasks,…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Boyan Li , Yuyu Luo , Chengliang Chai , Guoliang Li , Nan Tang

Natural language interfaces (NLIs) provide users with a convenient way to interactively analyze data through natural language queries. Nevertheless, interactive data analysis is a demanding process, especially for novice data analysts. When…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Xingbo Wang , Furui Cheng , Yong Wang , Ke Xu , Jiang Long , Hong Lu , Huamin Qu

Most of the world's data is stored in relational databases. Accessing these requires specialized knowledge of the Structured Query Language (SQL), putting them out of the reach of many people. A recent research thread in Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Bojan Petrovski , Ignacio Aguado , Andreea Hossmann , Michael Baeriswyl , Claudiu Musat

Natural interface to database (NLIDB) has been researched a lot during the past decades. In the core of NLIDB, is a semantic parser used to convert natural language into SQL. Solutions from traditional NLP methodology focuses on grammar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Ruiyang Xu , Ayush Singh

Zero-shot NL2SQL is crucial in achieving natural language to SQL that is adaptive to new environments (e.g., new databases, new linguistic phenomena or SQL structures) with zero annotated NL2SQL samples from such environments. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Zihui Gu , Ju Fan , Nan Tang , Songyue Zhang , Yuxin Zhang , Zui Chen , Lei Cao , Guoliang Li , Sam Madden , Xiaoyong Du

As the use of technology increases and data analysis becomes integral in many businesses, the ability to quickly access and interpret data has become more important than ever. Information retrieval technologies are being utilized by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Aliaksei Vertsel , Mikhail Rumiantsau

Querying databases for the right information is a time consuming and error-prone task and often requires experienced professionals for the job. Furthermore, the user needs to have some prior knowledge about the database. There have been…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Manu Joseph , Harsh Raj , Anubhav Yadav , Aaryamann Sharma

As the demand for querying databases in all areas of life continues to grow, researchers have devoted significant attention to the natural language interface for databases (NLIDB). This paper presents a comprehensive survey of recently…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Mengyi Liu , Jianqiu Xu
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