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Community Detection algorithms are used to detect densely connected components in complex networks and reveal underlying relationships among components. As a special type of networks, spatial networks are usually generated by the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Yunlei Liang , Jiawei Zhu , Wen Ye , Song Gao

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced artificial intelligence (AI) in software engineering (SE), with source code embeddings playing a crucial role in tasks such as source code clone detection and source code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zixiang Xian , Chenhui Cui , Rubing Huang , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen

Color is a crucial visual cue readily exploited by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for object recognition. However, CNNs struggle if there is data imbalance between color variations introduced by accidental recording conditions. Color…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Attila Lengyel , Ombretta Strafforello , Robert-Jan Bruintjes , Alexander Gielisse , Jan van Gemert

Software security is becoming a high priority for both large companies and start-ups alike due to the increasing potential for harm that vulnerabilities and breaches carry with them. However, attaining robust security assurance while…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-06 David N. Palacio , Daniel McCrystal , Kevin Moran , Carlos Bernal-Cárdenas , Denys Poshyvanyk , Chris Shenefiel

Identifying influential nodes in complex networks is a fundamental task in network analysis with wide-ranging applications across domains. While deep learning has advanced node influence detection, existing supervised approaches remain…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yanmei Hu , Yihang Wu , Bing Sun , Xue Yue , Biao Cai , Xiangtao Li , Yang Chen

Controllable code generation, the ability to synthesize code that follows a specified style while maintaining functionality, remains a challenging task. We propose a two-stage training framework combining contrastive learning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Dutao Zhang , Nicolas Rafael Arroyo Arias , YuLong He , Sergey Kovalchuk

Natural language processing has improved tremendously after the success of word embedding techniques such as word2vec. Recently, the same idea has been applied on source code with encouraging results. In this survey, we aim to collect and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Zimin Chen , Martin Monperrus

Recent studies highlight various machine learning (ML)-based techniques for code clone detection, which can be integrated into developer tools such as static code analysis. With the advancements brought by ML in code understanding, ML-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Teeradaj Racharak , Chaiyong Ragkhitwetsagul , Chayanee Junplong , Akara Supratak

Representing code changes as numeric feature vectors, i.e., code change representations, is usually an essential step to automate many software engineering tasks related to code changes, e.g., commit message generation and just-in-time…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Zhongxin Liu , Zhijie Tang , Xin Xia , Xiaohu Yang

Classic clone detection approaches are hardly capable of finding redundant code that has been developed independently, i.e., is not the result of copy&paste. To automatically detect such functionally similar code of independent origin, we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-01-19 Florian Deissenboeck , Lars Heinemann , Benjamin Hummel , Stefan Wagner

The rapid evolution of programming languages and software systems has necessitated the implementation of multilingual and scalable clone detection tools. However, it is difficult to achieve the above requirements at the same time. Most…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Yuhang Ye , Yuekun Wang , Yinxing Xue , Yueming Wu , Yang Liu

Recent work learns contextual representations of source code by reconstructing tokens from their context. For downstream semantic understanding tasks like summarizing code in English, these representations should ideally capture program…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Paras Jain , Ajay Jain , Tianjun Zhang , Pieter Abbeel , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica

When many clones are detected in software programs, not all clones are equally important to developers. To help developers refactor code and improve software quality, various tools were built to recommend clone-removal refactorings based on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Ruru Yue , Zhe Gao , Na Meng , Yingfei Xiong , Xiaoyin Wang , J. David Morgenthaler

This paper introduces Content-aware Token Sharing (CTS), a token reduction approach that improves the computational efficiency of semantic segmentation networks that use Vision Transformers (ViTs). Existing works have proposed token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Chenyang Lu , Daan de Geus , Gijs Dubbelman

Recent successes in training word embeddings for NLP tasks have encouraged a wave of research on representation learning for source code, which builds on similar NLP methods. The overall objective is then to produce code embeddings that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Patrick Keller , Laura Plein , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Jacques Klein , Yves Le Traon

The increasing complexity of modern software systems exacerbates the prevalence of security vulnerabilities, posing risks of severe breaches and substantial economic loss. Consequently, robust code vulnerability detection is essential for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zhiyuan Wei , Xiaoxuan Yang , Jing Sun , Zijian Zhang

Decoder-only large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly adopted to build embedding models for diverse tasks. To overcome the inherent limitations of causal attention in representation learning, many existing methods modify the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ailiang Lin , Zhuoyun Li , Yusong Wang , Kotaro Funakoshi , Manabu Okumura

Having similar code fragments, also called clones, in software systems can lead to unnecessary comprehension, review and change efforts. Syntactically similar clones can often be encountered in practice. The same is not clear for only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Verena Käfer , Stefan Wagner , Rainer Koschke

The growing scale of Large Language Models (LLMs) has exacerbated inference latency and computational costs. Speculative decoding methods, which aim to mitigate these issues, often face inefficiencies in the construction of token trees and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Feiye Huo , Jianchao Tan , Kefeng Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Shengli Sun

Code cloning is frequently observed in software development, often leading to a variety of maintenance and security issues. While substantial research has been conducted on code cloning in traditional software, to the best of my knowledge,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Huashan Chen , Zisheng Huang , Yifan Xu , Wenjie Huang , Jinfu Chen , Haotang Li , Kebin Peng , Feng Liu , Sen He