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Recent advancements in audio generation have been significantly propelled by the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). The existing research on audio LLM has primarily focused on enhancing the architecture and scale of audio…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-28 Zhen Ye , Peiwen Sun , Jiahe Lei , Hongzhan Lin , Xu Tan , Zheqi Dai , Qiuqiang Kong , Jianyi Chen , Jiahao Pan , Qifeng Liu , Yike Guo , Wei Xue

Discrete speech tokenization is a fundamental component in speech codecs. However, in large-scale speech-to-speech systems, the complexity of parallel streams from multiple quantizers and the computational cost of high-time-dimensional…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rongkun Xue , Yazhe Niu , Shuai Hu , Zixin Yin , Yongqiang Yao , Jing Yang

Speech codecs serve as bridges between continuous speech signals and large language models, yet face an inherent conflict between acoustic fidelity and semantic preservation. To mitigate this conflict, prevailing methods augment acoustic…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Xin Zhang , Lin Li , Xiangni Lu , Jianquan Liu , Kong Aik Lee

High-fidelity neural audio codecs in Text-to-speech (TTS) aim to compress speech signals into discrete representations for faithful reconstruction. However, prior approaches faced challenges in effectively disentangling acoustic and…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ruonan Zhang , Xiaoyang Hao , Yichen Han , Junjie Cao , Yue Liu , Kai Zhang

The long speech sequence has been troubling language models (LM) based TTS approaches in terms of modeling complexity and efficiency. This work proposes SoCodec, a semantic-ordered multi-stream speech codec, to address this issue. It…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Haohan Guo , Fenglong Xie , Kun Xie , Dongchao Yang , Dake Guo , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

Universal audio codecs learn entangled representations across audio types, whereas some specific codecs offer decoupled representations but are limited to speech. Real-world audio, however, often contains mixed speech and background sounds,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Xiaoxue Luo , Jinwei Huang , Runyan Yang , Yingying Gao , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Shilei Zhang

Speech codecs serve as bridges between speech signals and large language models. An ideal codec for speech language models should not only preserve acoustic information but also capture rich semantic information. However, existing speech…

Audio tokenizers are fundamental to unifying audio understanding and generation. Understanding requires high-level semantics, while generation demands semantic and acoustic details. Existing unified tokenizers jointly encode both in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-28 Zhisheng Zhang , Xiang Li , Yixuan Zhou , Jing Peng , Guoyang Zeng , Zhiyong Wu

A good audio codec for live applications such as telecommunication is characterized by three key properties: (1) compression, i.e.\ the bitrate that is required to transmit the signal should be as low as possible; (2) latency, i.e.\…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-29 Yi-Chiao Wu , Israel D. Gebru , Dejan Marković , Alexander Richard

Recent advancements in end-to-end neural speech codecs enable compressing audio at extremely low bitrates while maintaining high-fidelity reconstruction. Meanwhile, low computational complexity and low latency are crucial for real-time…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Leyan Yang , Ronghui Hu , Yang Xu , Jing Lu

Neural audio codecs are initially introduced to compress audio data into compact codes to reduce transmission latency. Researchers recently discovered the potential of codecs as suitable tokenizers for converting continuous audio into…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-21 Haibin Wu , Xuanjun Chen , Yi-Cheng Lin , Kai-wei Chang , Ho-Lam Chung , Alexander H. Liu , Hung-yi Lee

Audio codecs are a critical component of modern speech generation systems. This paper introduces a low-bitrate, multi-scale residual codec that encodes speech into four distinct streams: semantic, timbre, prosody, and residual. This…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Jingyu Li , Guangyan Zhang , Zhen Ye , Yiwen Guo

High-quality speech coding at low bitrates is crucial for bandwidth-constrained applications, yet remains challenging due to the severe loss of quality-critical information in highly compressed representations. To overcome this challenge,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Xiao-Hang Jiang , Yang Ai , Hui-Peng Du , Zhen-Hua Ling , Ji Wu

Language models have been effectively applied to modeling natural signals, such as images, video, speech, and audio. A crucial component of these models is the codec tokenizer, which compresses high-dimensional natural signals into…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-26 Shengpeng Ji , Ziyue Jiang , Wen Wang , Yifu Chen , Minghui Fang , Jialong Zuo , Qian Yang , Xize Cheng , Zehan Wang , Ruiqi Li , Ziang Zhang , Xiaoda Yang , Rongjie Huang , Yidi Jiang , Qian Chen , Siqi Zheng , Zhou Zhao

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have emerged with strong performance across diverse audio understanding tasks and can be further enhanced by neural audio codecs. Transitioning from multi-layer residual vector quantizers to a…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Jingyi Li , Zhiyuan Zhao , Zhisheng Zhang , Yunfei Liu , Lijian Lin , Ye Zhu , Jiahao Wu , Qiuqiang Kong , Yu Li

We present BigCodec, a low-bitrate neural speech codec. While recent neural speech codecs have shown impressive progress, their performance significantly deteriorates at low bitrates (around 1 kbps). Although a low bitrate inherently…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-10 Detai Xin , Xu Tan , Shinnosuke Takamichi , Hiroshi Saruwatari

In recent years, large language models have achieved significant success in generative tasks related to speech, audio, music, and other signal domains. A crucial element of these models is the discrete acoustic codecs, which serve as an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-05 Shengpeng Ji , Minghui Fang , Jialong Zuo , Ziyue Jiang , Dingdong Wang , Hanting Wang , Hai Huang , Zhou Zhao

Neural audio coding has been shown to outperform classical audio coding at extremely low bitrates. However, the practical application of neural audio codecs is still limited by their elevated complexity. To address this challenge, we have…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-20 Jiawei Jiang , Linping Xu , Dejun Zhang , Qingbo Huang , Xianjun Xia , Yijian Xiao

Recent advancements in speech-language models have yielded significant improvements in speech tokenization and synthesis. However, effectively mapping the complex, multidimensional attributes of speech into discrete tokens remains…

We present SoundStream, a novel neural audio codec that can efficiently compress speech, music and general audio at bitrates normally targeted by speech-tailored codecs. SoundStream relies on a model architecture composed by a fully…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Neil Zeghidour , Alejandro Luebs , Ahmed Omran , Jan Skoglund , Marco Tagliasacchi