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Similarly to other connectionist models, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) lack transparency in their decision-making. A number of sub-symbolic approaches have been developed to provide insights into the GNN decision making process. These are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Anna Himmelhuber , Stephan Grimm , Sonja Zillner , Mitchell Joblin , Martin Ringsquandl , Thomas Runkler

Regular tree grammars and regular path expressions constitute core constructs widely used in programming languages and type systems. Nevertheless, there has been little research so far on frameworks for reasoning about path expressions…

Databases · Computer Science 2010-08-31 Everardo Barcenas , Pierre Geneves , Nabil Layaida , Alan Schmitt

As Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are increasingly being employed in critical real-world applications, several methods have been proposed in recent literature to explain the predictions of these models. However, there has been little to no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Chirag Agarwal , Marinka Zitnik , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) achieve outstanding performance across graph-based tasks but remain difficult to interpret. In this paper, we revisit foundational assumptions underlying model-level explanation methods for GNNs, namely: (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hsiao-Ying Lu , Yiran Li , Ujwal Pratap Krishna Kaluvakolanu Thyagarajan , Kwan-Liu Ma

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated impressive performance across diverse graph-based tasks by leveraging message passing to capture complex node relationships. However, on large-scale real-world graphs, GNNs face two major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xiang Li , Jianpeng Qi , Haobing Liu , Yuan Cao , Guoqing Chao , Zhongying Zhao , Junyu Dong , Xinwang Liu , Yanwei Yu

Explainable Graph Neural Network (GNN) has emerged recently to foster the trust of using GNNs. Existing GNN explainers are developed from various perspectives to enhance the explanation performance. We take the first step to study GNN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Jiate Li , Meng Pang , Yun Dong , Jinyuan Jia , Binghui Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are the predominant architecture for learning over graphs. As with any machine learning model, an important issue is the detection of attacks, where an adversary can change the output with a small perturbation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chia-Hsuan Lu , Tony Tan , Michael Benedikt

Graph Neural Networks (GNN) are inherently limited in their expressive power. Recent seminal works (Xu et al., 2019; Morris et al., 2019b) introduced the Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) hierarchy as a measure of expressive power. Although this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Omri Puny , Derek Lim , Bobak T. Kiani , Haggai Maron , Yaron Lipman

Benefiting from the injection of human prior knowledge, graphs, as derived discrete data, are semantically dense so that models can efficiently learn the semantic information from such data. Accordingly, graph neural networks (GNNs) indeed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Hang Gao , Jiangmeng Li , Wenwen Qiang , Lingyu Si , Xingzhe Su , Fengge Wu , Changwen Zheng , Fuchun Sun

Graph processes exhibit a temporal structure determined by the sequence index and and a spatial structure determined by the graph support. To learn from graph processes, an information processing architecture must then be able to exploit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-02 Luana Ruiz , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph neural networks (GNNs) find applications in various domains such as computational biology, natural language processing, and computer security. Owing to their popularity, there is an increasing need to explain GNN predictions since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Mert Kosan , Zexi Huang , Sourav Medya , Sayan Ranu , Ambuj Singh

Graph-structured data are pervasive in the real-world such as social networks, molecular graphs and transaction networks. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in representation learning on graphs, facilitating various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhimeng Guo , Teng Xiao , Zongyu Wu , Charu Aggarwal , Hui Liu , Suhang Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) demonstrate a robust capability for representation learning on graphs with complex structures, showcasing superior performance in various applications. The majority of existing GNNs employ a graph convolution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jinlu Wang , Jipeng Guo , Yanfeng Sun , Junbin Gao , Shaofan Wang , Yachao Yang , Baocai Yin

One significant challenge of exploiting Graph neural networks (GNNs) in real-life scenarios is that they are always treated as black boxes, therefore leading to the requirement of interpretability. To address this, model-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Xiao Yue , Guangzhi Qu , Lige Gan

Despite the celebrated popularity of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) across numerous applications, the ability of GNNs to generalize remains less explored. In this work, we propose to study the generalization of GNNs through a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Shouheng Li , Dongwoo Kim , Qing Wang

Graphs are a powerful data structure to represent relational data and are widely used to describe complex real-world data structures. Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGMs) have been well-developed in the past years to mathematically model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Chenqing Hua , Sitao Luan , Qian Zhang , Jie Fu

Graph neural network (GNN) explainers identify the important subgraph that ensures the prediction for a given graph. Until now, almost all GNN explainers are based on association, which is prone to spurious correlations. We propose {\name},…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Arman Behnam , Binghui Wang

Quadratic programming (QP) is the most widely applied category of problems in nonlinear programming. Many applications require real-time/fast solutions, though not necessarily with high precision. Existing methods either involve matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ziang Chen , Xiaohan Chen , Jialin Liu , Xinshang Wang , Wotao Yin

Forecasting electricity demand is increasingly challenging as energy systems become more decentralized and intertwined with renewable sources. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have recently emerged as a powerful paradigm to model spatial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Eloi Campagne , Yvenn Amara-Ouali , Yannig Goude , Itai Zehavi , Argyris Kalogeratos

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely used for node classification, yet their opaque decision-making limits trust and adoption. While local explanations offer insights into individual predictions, global explanation methods, those that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Burouj Armgaan , Eshan Jain , Harsh Pandey , Mahesh Chandran , Sayan Ranu