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With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in Natural Language Processing, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become pivotal in educational question-answering systems, especially university admission chatbots.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Long Nguyen , Tho Quan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as the standard paradigm for answering questions on enterprise data. Traditionally, RAG has centered on text-based semantic search and re-ranking. However, this approach falls short when…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Gurbinder Gill , Ritvik Gupta , Denis Lusson , Anand Chandrashekar , Donald Nguyen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) prevails in Large Language Models. It mainly consists of retrieval and generation. The retrieval modules (a.k.a. retrievers) aim to find useful information used to facilitate the generation modules…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xinping Zhao , Yan Zhong , Zetian Sun , Xinshuo Hu , Zhenyu Liu , Dongfang Li , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates non-parametric knowledge into Large Language Models (LLMs), typically from unstructured texts and structured graphs. While recent progress has advanced text-based RAG to multi-turn reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yucan Guo , Miao Su , Saiping Guan , Zihao Sun , Xiaolong Jin , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an effective approach to enhance the factual accuracy of large language models (LLMs) by retrieving information from external databases, which are typically composed of diverse sources, to supplement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jeongyeon Hwang , Junyoung Park , Hyejin Park , Dongwoo Kim , Sangdon Park , Jungseul Ok

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in a wide range of tasks, yet their application to specialized domains remains challenging due to the need for deep expertise. Retrieval-Augmented generation (RAG) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qinggang Zhang , Shengyuan Chen , Yuanchen Bei , Zheng Yuan , Huachi Zhou , Zijin Hong , Hao Chen , Yilin Xiao , Chuang Zhou , Junnan Dong , Yi Chang , Xiao Huang

Multilingual retrieval-augmented generation (MRAG) requires models to effectively acquire and integrate beneficial external knowledge from multilingual collections. However, most existing studies employ a unitive process where queries of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Rui Qi , Fengran Mo , Yufeng Chen , Xue Zhang , Shuo Wang , Hongliang Li , Jinan Xu , Meng Jiang , Jian-Yun Nie , Kaiyu Huang

We present a new benchmark for evaluating Deep Search--a realistic and complex form of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) that requires source-aware, multi-hop reasoning over diverse, sparsed, but related sources. These include documents,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Prafulla Kumar Choubey , Xiangyu Peng , Shilpa Bhagavath , Kung-Hsiang Huang , Caiming Xiong , Chien-Sheng Wu

The advent of Large Language Models has revolutionized information retrieval, ushering in a new era of expansive knowledge accessibility. While these models excel in providing open-world knowledge, effectively extracting answers in diverse…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Syed Rameel Ahmad

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) still struggle with long document understanding due to two fundamental challenges: information interference from abundant irrelevant content, and the quadratic computational cost of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yongxin Shi , Jiapeng Wang , Zeyu Shan , Dezhi Peng , Zening Lin , Lianwen Jin

This paper presents an experience report on the development of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using PDF documents as the primary data source. The RAG architecture combines generative capabilities of Large Language Models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ayman Asad Khan , Md Toufique Hasan , Kai Kristian Kemell , Jussi Rasku , Pekka Abrahamsson

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a standard framework for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks, combining large language models (LLMs) with document retrieval from external corpora. Despite its widespread use, most RAG pipelines…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mandeep Rathee , V Venktesh , Sean MacAvaney , Avishek Anand

Answering real-world geospatial questions--such as finding restaurants along a travel route or amenities near a landmark--requires reasoning over both geographic relationships and semantic user intent. However, existing large language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Dazhou Yu , Riyang Bao , Ruiyu Ning , Jinghong Peng , Gengchen Mai , Liang Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) augmented with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques are revolutionizing applications across multiple domains, such as healthcare, finance, and customer service. Despite their potential, evaluating RAG…

Effective knowledge management is critical for preserving institutional expertise and improving the efficiency of workforce training in state transportation agencies. Traditional approaches, such as static documentation, classroom-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Divija Amaram , Lu Gao , Gowtham Reddy Gudla , Tejaswini Sanjay Katale

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate human-level capabilities in dialogue, reasoning, and knowledge retention. However, even the most advanced LLMs face challenges such as hallucinations and real-time updating of their knowledge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Xuanwang Zhang , Yunze Song , Yidong Wang , Shuyun Tang , Xinfeng Li , Zhengran Zeng , Zhen Wu , Wei Ye , Wenyuan Xu , Yue Zhang , Xinyu Dai , Shikun Zhang , Qingsong Wen

Implementing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems is inherently complex, requiring deep understanding of data, use cases, and intricate design decisions. Additionally, evaluating these systems presents significant challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Daniel Fleischer , Moshe Berchansky , Moshe Wasserblat , Peter Izsak

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a standard architectural pattern for incorporating domain-specific knowledge into user-facing chat applications powered by Large Language Models (LLMs). RAG systems are characterized by (1) a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Robert Friel , Masha Belyi , Atindriyo Sanyal

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) lifts the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by injecting external knowledge, yet it falls short on problems that demand multi-step inference; conversely, purely reasoning-oriented approaches…

This paper presents mRAG, a multi-agent retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework composed of specialized agents for subtasks such as planning, searching, reasoning, and coordination. Our system uses a self-training paradigm with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Alireza Salemi , Mukta Maddipatla , Hamed Zamani
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