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This work explores text-to-image retrieval for queries that specify or describe a semantic category. While vision-and-language models (VLMs) like CLIP offer a straightforward open-vocabulary solution, they map text and images to distant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Faizan Farooq Khan , Vladan Stojnić , Zakaria Laskar , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Giorgos Tolias

UI design is an integral part of software development. For many developers who do not have much UI design experience, exposing them to a large database of real-application UI designs can help them quickly build up a realistic understanding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Jieshan Chen , Chunyang Chen , Zhenchang Xing , Xin Xia , Liming Zhu , John Grundy , Jinshui Wang

Terminology sources, such as controlled vocabularies, thesauri and classification systems, play a key role in digitizing cultural heritage. However, Information Retrieval (IR) systems that allow to query and explore these lexical resources…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Cristian Santini , Etienne Posthumus , Mary Ann Tan , Oleksandra Bruns , Tabea Tietz , Harald Sack

The Google Universal Image Embedding (GUIE) Challenge is one of the first competitions in multi-domain image representations in the wild, covering a wide distribution of objects: landmarks, artwork, food, etc. This is a fundamental computer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Marcos V. Conde , Ivan Aerlic , Simon Jégou

Visual language models (VLMs) empower mobile GUI agents to interpret complex mobile screens and respond to user requests. Training such capable agents requires large-scale, high-quality mobile GUI data. However, existing mobile GUI datasets…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Longxi Gao , Li Zhang , Shihe Wang , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Shangguang Wang , Yuanchun Li , Mengwei Xu

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents powered by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) promise human-like interaction with software applications, yet long-horizon tasks remain challenging due to memory limitations. Existing approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zikang Liu , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Dawei Gao , Yaliang Li , Ji-rong Wen

Mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) World Models (WMs) offer a promising path for improving mobile GUI agent performance at train- and inference-time. However, current approaches face a critical trade-off: text-based WMs sacrifice visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Woosung Koh , Sungjun Han , Segyu Lee , Se-Young Yun , Jamin Shin

User interface (UI) design is a difficult yet important task for ensuring the usability, accessibility, and aesthetic qualities of applications. In our paper, we develop a machine-learned model, UIClip, for assessing the design quality and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Jason Wu , Yi-Hao Peng , Amanda Li , Amanda Swearngin , Jeffrey P. Bigham , Jeffrey Nichols

Grounding natural language queries in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) poses unique challenges due to the diversity of visual elements, spatial clutter, and the ambiguity of language. In this paper, we introduce DiMo-GUI, a training-free…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Hang Wu , Hongkai Chen , Yujun Cai , Chang Liu , Qingwen Ye , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Yiwei Wang

Large Language Models are fundamentally reshaping content discovery through AI-native search systems such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude. Unlike traditional search engines that match keywords to documents, these systems infer user intent,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Faye Zhang , Qianyu Cheng , Jasmine Wan , Vishwakarma Singh , Jinfeng Rao , Kofi Boakye

Searching through existing repositories for a specific mobile app screen design is currently either slow or tedious. Such searches are either limited to basic keyword searches (Google Image Search) or require as input a complete query…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Soumik Mohian , Christoph Csallner

Search engines enable the retrieval of unknown information with texts. However, traditional methods fall short when it comes to understanding unfamiliar visual content, such as identifying an object that the model has never seen before.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zhixin Zhang , Yiyuan Zhang , Xiaohan Ding , Xiangyu Yue

Automated understanding of user interfaces (UIs) from their pixels can improve accessibility, enable task automation, and facilitate interface design without relying on developers to comprehensively provide metadata. A first step is to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Jason Wu , Xiaoyi Zhang , Jeff Nichols , Jeffrey P. Bigham

Image-text matching has been a hot research topic bridging the vision and language areas. It remains challenging because the current representation of image usually lacks global semantic concepts as in its corresponding text caption. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Kunpeng Li , Yulun Zhang , Kai Li , Yuanyuan Li , Yun Fu

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents offer cross-platform solutions for automating complex digital tasks, with significant potential to transform productivity workflows. However, their performance is often constrained by the scarcity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Junlei Zhang , Zichen Ding , Chang Ma , Zijie Chen , Qiushi Sun , Zhenzhong Lan , Junxian He

Interactive systems are omnipresent today and the need to create graphical user interfaces (GUIs) is just as ubiquitous. For the elicitation and validation of requirements, GUI prototyping is a well-known and effective technique, typically…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Kristian Kolthoff , Felix Kretzer , Christian Bartelt , Alexander Maedche , Simone Paolo Ponzetto

Locating a specific mobile application screen from existing repositories is restricted to basic keyword searches, such as Google Image Search, or necessitates a complete query screen image, as in the case of Swire. However, interactive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Soumik Mohian , Christoph Csallner

Graphical User Interface (GUI) grounding plays a crucial role in enhancing the capabilities of Vision-Language Model (VLM) agents. While general VLMs, such as GPT-4V, demonstrate strong performance across various tasks, their proficiency in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Anthony Nguyen

Handling large amounts of data has become a key for developing automated driving systems. Especially for developing highly automated driving functions, working with images has become increasingly challenging due to the sheer size of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Philipp Rigoll , Patrick Petersen , Hanno Stage , Lennart Ries , Eric Sax

Modeling visual search not only offers an opportunity to predict the usability of an interface before actually testing it on real users, but also advances scientific understanding about human behavior. In this work, we first conduct a set…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Arianna Yuan , Yang Li