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Related papers: VeriFence: Lightweight and Precise Spectre Defense…

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Spectre vulnerabilities violate our fundamental assumptions about architectural abstractions, allowing attackers to steal sensitive data despite previously state-of-the-art countermeasures. To defend against Spectre, developers of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Sunjay Cauligi , Craig Disselkoen , Daniel Moghimi , Gilles Barthe , Deian Stefan

The widespread deployment of control-flow integrity has propelled non-control data attacks into the mainstream. In the domain of OS kernel exploits, by corrupting critical non-control data, local attackers can directly gain root access or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Jinmeng Zhou , Jiayi Hu , Ziyue Pan , Jiaxun Zhu , Wenbo Shen , Guoren Li , Zhiyun Qian

The implementations of most hardened cryptographic libraries use defensive programming techniques for side-channel resistance. These techniques are usually specified as guidelines to developers on specific code patterns to use or avoid.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Moritz Schneider , Daniele Lain , Ivan Puddu , Nicolas Dutly , Srdjan Capkun

The Linux kernel is mostly designed for multi-programed environments, but high-performance applications have other requirements. Such applications are run standalone, and usually rely on runtime systems to distribute the application's…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Aleix Roca , Samuel Rodríguez , Albert Segura , Kevin Marquet , Vicenç Beltran

Monolithic operating systems, where all kernel functionality resides in a single, shared address space, are the foundation of most mainstream computer systems. However, a single flaw, even in a non-essential part of the kernel (e.g., device…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Soo Yee Lim , Sidhartha Agrawal , Xueyuan Han , David Eyers , Dan O'Keeffe , Thomas Pasquier

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are gradually adopted by major cloud providers, offering a practical option of \emph{confidential computing} for users who don't fully trust public clouds. TEEs use CPU-enabled hardware features to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-15 AKM Mubashwir Alam , Keke Chen

Static analysis plays a crucial role in software vulnerability detection, yet faces a persistent precision-scalability tradeoff. In large codebases like the Linux kernel, traditional static analysis tools often generate excessive false…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Haonan Li , Hang Zhang , Kexin Pei , Zhiyun Qian

Operating system kernels are the security keystone of most computer systems, as they provide the core protection mechanisms. Kernels are in particular responsible for their own security, i.e. they must prevent untrusted user tasks from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Olivier Nicole , Matthieu Lemerre , Sébastien Bardin , Xavier Rival

Interactive theorem proving software is typically designed around a trusted proof-checking kernel, the sole system component capable of authenticating theorems. Untrusted automation procedures reside outside of the kernel, and drive it to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Dominic P. Mulligan , Nick Spinale

In vulnerability assessments, software component-based CVE attribution is a common method to identify possibly vulnerable systems at scale. However, such version-centric approaches yield high false-positive rates for binary distributed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-13 René Helmke , Johannes vom Dorp

Spectre attacks and their many subsequent variants are a new vulnerability class affecting modern CPUs. The attacks rely on the ability to misguide speculative execution, generally by exploiting the branch prediction structures, to execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Esmaeil Mohammadian Koruyeh , Shirin Haji Amin Shirazi , Khaled N. Khasawneh , Chengyu Song , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are being widely adopted in critical infrastructures, such as smart grids, nuclear plants, water systems, transportation systems, manufacturing and healthcare services, among others. However, the increasing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Eyasu Getahun Chekole , Martin Ochoa , Sudipta Chattopadhyay

High development velocity is critical for modern systems. This is especially true for Linux file systems which are seeing increased pressure from new storage devices and new demands on storage systems. However, high velocity Linux kernel…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Samantha Miller , Kaiyuan Zhang , Mengqi Chen , Ryan Jennings , Ang Chen , Danyang Zhuo , Tom Anderson

Spectre attacks enable an attacker to access restricted data in an application's memory. Both the academic community and industry veterans have developed several mitigations to block Spectre attacks, but to date, very few have been formally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Sunjay Cauligi , Marco Guarnieri , Daniel Moghimi , Deian Stefan , Marco Vassena

Prompt injection threatens novel applications that emerge from adapting LLMs for various user tasks. The newly developed LLM-based software applications become more ubiquitous and diverse. However, the threat of prompt injection attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Valerii Gakh , Hayretdin Bahsi

Linux is increasingly deployed in Low Earth Orbit on commercial off the shelf systems on chip that were not designed for space radiation. Ionizing particles can trigger single event functional interrupts that crash the kernel without…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Saad Memon , Rafal Graczyk , Tomasz Rajkowski , Jan Swakon , Damian Wrobel , Sebastian Kusyk , Seth Roffe , Mike Papadakis

According to experts, one third of all IT vulnerabilities today are due to inadequate software verification. Internal program processes are not sufficiently secured against manipulation by attackers, especially if access has been gained.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Erik Heiland , Peter Hillmann

Fence instructions are fundamental primitives that ensure consistency in a weakly consistent shared memory multi-core processor. The execution cost of these instructions is significant and adds a non-trivial overhead to parallel programs.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-12-07 Pranith Kumar , Prasun Gera , Hyojong Kim , Hyesoon Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) face threats from jailbreak prompts. Existing methods for defending against jailbreak attacks are primarily based on auxiliary models. These strategies, however, often require extensive data collection or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Zhuoran Yang , Yanyong Zhang

Patch reviewing is critical for software development, especially in distributed open-source development, which highly depends on voluntary work, such as Linux. This paper studies the past 10 years of patch reviews of the Linux memory…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Chih-En Lin , Attreyee Mukherjee , Ajay Rawat , Ruqi Zhang , Pedro Fonseca