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Organizations are increasingly offloading their workloads to cloud platforms. For workloads with relaxed deadlines, this presents an opportunity to reduce the total carbon footprint of these computations by moving workloads to datacenters…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yibo Guo , Amanda Tomlinson , Runlong Su , George Porter

The energy sustainability of multi-access edge computing (MEC) platforms is here addressed by developing Energy-Aware job Scheduling at the Edge (EASE), a computing resource scheduler for edge servers co-powered by renewable energy…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Giovanni Perin , Francesca Meneghello , Ruggero Carli , Luca Schenato , Michele Rossi

Data center electricity use may reach 12% of U.S. demand by 2030, alongside growing ability to shift workloads geographically in response to prices or carbon signals. We examine the system-level implications of such strategic flexibility…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-19 Aron Brenner , Line Roald , Saurabh Amin

Over the past decade, the continuous surge in cloud computing demand has intensified data center workloads, leading to significant carbon emissions and driving the need for improving their efficiency and sustainability. This paper focuses…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Enno Breukelman , Sophie Hall , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Florian Dörfler

The exploding power consumption of AI and cloud datacenters (DCs) intensifies the long-standing concerns about their carbon footprint, especially because DCs' need for constant power clashes with volatile renewable generation needed for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Liuzixuan Lin , Andrew A. Chien

Cloud providers are adapting datacenter (DC) capacity to reduce carbon emissions. With hyperscale datacenters exceeding 100 MW individually, and in some grids exceeding 15% of power load, DC adaptation is large enough to harm power grid…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Liuzixuan Lin , Andrew A. Chien

This paper proposes a two-stage stochastic optimization formulation to determine optimal operation and procurement plans for achieving a 24/7 carbon-free energy (CFE) compliance at minimized cost. The system in consideration follows primary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Natanon Tongamrak , Kannapha Amaruchkul , Wijarn Wangdee , Jitkomut Songsiri

Data centers (DCs) can help decarbonize the power grid by helping absorb renewable power (e.g., wind and solar) due to their ability to shift power loads across space and time. However, to harness such load-shifting flexibility, it is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-15 Weiqi Zhang , Line A. Roald , Victor M. Zavala

This paper presents a theoretical discussion for environmentally-conscious job deployment and migration in cloud environments, aiming to minimize the environmental impact of resource provisioning while incorporating sustainability…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Giulio Attenni , Novella Bartolini

We consider the construction of renewable portfolios targeting specified carbon-free (CFE) hourly performance scores. We work in a probabilistic framework that uses a collection of simulation scenarios and imposes probability constraints on…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-12-14 Mike Ludkovski , Saad Mouti , Glen Swindle

In the cloud environment, data centers are efficiently manipulated by cloud service providers (CSPs) in terms of energy consumption. Consequently, migrating workloads to clouds can result in lower energy consumption. This paper demonstrates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Yan Zheng , Stephan Bohacek

An increasing number of electric loads, such as hydrogen producers or data centers, can be characterized as carbon-sensitive, meaning that they are willing to adapt the timing and/or location of their electricity usage in order to minimize…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Wenqian Jiang , Olivier Huber , Michael C. Ferris , Line Roald

With the increasing popularity of Cloud computing and Mobile computing, individuals, enterprises and research centers have started outsourcing their IT and computational needs to on-demand cloud services. Recently geographical load…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2012-04-12 Muhammad Abdullah Adnan , Ryo Sugihara , Rajesh Gupta

Scientific research in many fields routinely requires the analysis of large datasets, and scientists often employ workflow systems to leverage clusters of computers for their data analysis. However, due to their size and scale, these…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Lauritz Thamsen , Yehia Elkhatib , Paul Harvey , Syed Waqar Nabi , Jeremy Singer , Wim Vanderbauwhede

The amount of CO$_2$ emitted per kilowatt-hour on an electricity grid varies by time of day and substantially varies by location due to the types of generation. Networked collections of warehouse scale computers, sometimes called Hyperscale…

The use of High Performance Computing (HPC) in commercial and consumer IT applications is becoming popular. They need the ability to gain rapid and scalable access to high-end computing capabilities. Cloud computing promises to deliver such…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2009-09-08 Saurabh Kumar Garg , Chee Shin Yeo , Arun Anandasivam , Rajkumar Buyya

The rapid increase in computing demand and its corresponding energy consumption have focused attention on computing's impact on the climate and sustainability. Prior work proposes metrics that quantify computing's carbon footprint across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Noman Bashir , Varun Gohil , Anagha Belavadi , Mohammad Shahrad , David Irwin , Elsa Olivetti , Christina Delimitrou

Cloud platforms are increasing their emphasis on sustainability and reducing their operational carbon footprint. A common approach for reducing carbon emissions is to exploit the temporal flexibility inherent to many cloud workloads by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Walid A. Hanafy , Qianlin Liang , Noman Bashir , David Irwin , Prashant Shenoy

The power grid is undergoing significant restructuring driven by the adoption of wind/solar power and the incorporation of new flexible technologies that can shift load in space and time (e.g., data centers, battery storage, and modular…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-21 Weiqi Zhang , Victor M. Zavala

The soaring energy demands of large-scale software ecosystems and cloud data centers, accelerated by the intensive training and deployment of large language models, have driven energy consumption and carbon footprint to unprecedented…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jialin Yang , Zainab Saad , Jiajun Wu , Xiaoguang Niu , Henry Leung , Steve Drew