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Military weapon systems and command-and-control infrastructure augmented by artificial intelligence (AI) have seen rapid development and deployment in recent years. However, the sociotechnical impacts of AI on combat systems, military…
The rise of AI has transformed the software and hardware landscape, enabling powerful capabilities through specialized infrastructures, large-scale data storage, and advanced hardware. However, these innovations introduce unique attack…
Today's battlefield environment is complex, dynamic and uncertain, and requires efficient support to ensure mission success. This relies on a proper support strategy to provide supported equipment able to fulfill the mission. In the context…
Inspired by the increasing use of AI to augment humans, researchers have studied human-AI systems involving different tasks, systems, and populations. Despite such a large body of work, we lack a broad conceptual understanding of when…
The Human-Autonomy Teaming paradigm (HAT) has recently emerged to model and design hybrid teams, where a human operator must cooperate with an artificial agent, able to independently evolve in dynamic and uncertain situations. An important…
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought significant challenges to the education and workforce skills required to take advantage of AI for human-AI collaboration in the workplace. As AI continues to reshape…
Military human robot interaction (MHRI) presents a novel opportunity to blend the capabilities of autonomous and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled systems with the skills and expertise of humans. The concept promises military advantages…
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) necessitates determining whether systems function as tools or collaborative teammates. In this study, by synthesizing Human-AI Interaction (HAI) literature, we analyze this distinction across…
In human-AI decision making, designing AI that complements human expertise has been a natural strategy to enhance human-AI collaboration, yet it often comes at the cost of decreased AI performance in areas of human strengths. This can…
In order to increase productivity, capability, and data exploitation, numerous defense applications are experiencing an integration of state-of-the-art machine learning and AI into their architectures. Especially for defense applications,…
This paper covers a number of approaches that leverage Artificial Intelligence algorithms and techniques to aid Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) autonomy. An analysis of current approaches to autonomous control is provided followed by…
Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are poised to revolutionize emergency services by enabling faster, safer, and more efficient responses. This transformation is driven by advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Reinforcement Learning…
This commentary traces contemporary discourses on the relationship between artificial intelligence and labour and explains why these principles must be comprehensive in their approach to labour and AI. First, the commentary asserts that…
In this study, we explored the progression trajectories of artificial intelligence (AI) systems through the lens of complexity theory. We challenged the conventional linear and exponential projections of AI advancement toward Artificial…
The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) from passive text generators to autonomous, goal-driven systems represents a fundamental shift in artificial intelligence. This chapter examines the emergence of agentic AI systems that…
As AI systems become increasingly capable and autonomous, domain experts' roles are shifting from performing tasks themselves to overseeing AI-generated outputs. Such oversight is critical, as undetected errors can have serious consequences…
Numerous, artificially intelligent, networked things will populate the battlefield of the future, operating in close collaboration with human warfighters, and fighting as teams in highly adversarial environments. This chapter explores the…
Traditional data mining algorithms are exceptional at seeing patterns in data that humans cannot, but are often confused by details that are obvious to the organic eye. Algorithms that include humans "in-the-loop" have proved beneficial for…
Artificial intelligence develops techniques and systems whose performance must be evaluated on a regular basis in order to certify and foster progress in the discipline. We will describe and critically assess the different ways AI systems…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping strategic planning, with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) enabling coordination among autonomous agents in complex scenarios. However, its practical deployment in sensitive military…