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We introduce Gemma 3, a multimodal addition to the Gemma family of lightweight open models, ranging in scale from 1 to 27 billion parameters. This version introduces vision understanding abilities, a wider coverage of languages and longer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Gemma Team , Aishwarya Kamath , Johan Ferret , Shreya Pathak , Nino Vieillard , Ramona Merhej , Sarah Perrin , Tatiana Matejovicova , Alexandre Ramé , Morgane Rivière , Louis Rouillard , Thomas Mesnard , Geoffrey Cideron , Jean-bastien Grill , Sabela Ramos , Edouard Yvinec , Michelle Casbon , Etienne Pot , Ivo Penchev , Gaël Liu , Francesco Visin , Kathleen Kenealy , Lucas Beyer , Xiaohai Zhai , Anton Tsitsulin , Robert Busa-Fekete , Alex Feng , Noveen Sachdeva , Benjamin Coleman , Yi Gao , Basil Mustafa , Iain Barr , Emilio Parisotto , David Tian , Matan Eyal , Colin Cherry , Jan-Thorsten Peter , Danila Sinopalnikov , Surya Bhupatiraju , Rishabh Agarwal , Mehran Kazemi , Dan Malkin , Ravin Kumar , David Vilar , Idan Brusilovsky , Jiaming Luo , Andreas Steiner , Abe Friesen , Abhanshu Sharma , Abheesht Sharma , Adi Mayrav Gilady , Adrian Goedeckemeyer , Alaa Saade , Alex Feng , Alexander Kolesnikov , Alexei Bendebury , Alvin Abdagic , Amit Vadi , András György , André Susano Pinto , Anil Das , Ankur Bapna , Antoine Miech , Antoine Yang , Antonia Paterson , Ashish Shenoy , Ayan Chakrabarti , Bilal Piot , Bo Wu , Bobak Shahriari , Bryce Petrini , Charlie Chen , Charline Le Lan , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , CJ Carey , Cormac Brick , Daniel Deutsch , Danielle Eisenbud , Dee Cattle , Derek Cheng , Dimitris Paparas , Divyashree Shivakumar Sreepathihalli , Doug Reid , Dustin Tran , Dustin Zelle , Eric Noland , Erwin Huizenga , Eugene Kharitonov , Frederick Liu , Gagik Amirkhanyan , Glenn Cameron , Hadi Hashemi , Hanna Klimczak-Plucińska , Harman Singh , Harsh Mehta , Harshal Tushar Lehri , Hussein Hazimeh , Ian Ballantyne , Idan Szpektor , Ivan Nardini , Jean Pouget-Abadie , Jetha Chan , Joe Stanton , John Wieting , Jonathan Lai , Jordi Orbay , Joseph Fernandez , Josh Newlan , Ju-yeong Ji , Jyotinder Singh , Kat Black , Kathy Yu , Kevin Hui , Kiran Vodrahalli , Klaus Greff , Linhai Qiu , Marcella Valentine , Marina Coelho , Marvin Ritter , Matt Hoffman , Matthew Watson , Mayank Chaturvedi , Michael Moynihan , Min Ma , Nabila Babar , Natasha Noy , Nathan Byrd , Nick Roy , Nikola Momchev , Nilay Chauhan , Noveen Sachdeva , Oskar Bunyan , Pankil Botarda , Paul Caron , Paul Kishan Rubenstein , Phil Culliton , Philipp Schmid , Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Pingmei Xu , Piotr Stanczyk , Pouya Tafti , Rakesh Shivanna , Renjie Wu , Renke Pan , Reza Rokni , Rob Willoughby , Rohith Vallu , Ryan Mullins , Sammy Jerome , Sara Smoot , Sertan Girgin , Shariq Iqbal , Shashir Reddy , Shruti Sheth , Siim Põder , Sijal Bhatnagar , Sindhu Raghuram Panyam , Sivan Eiger , Susan Zhang , Tianqi Liu , Trevor Yacovone , Tyler Liechty , Uday Kalra , Utku Evci , Vedant Misra , Vincent Roseberry , Vlad Feinberg , Vlad Kolesnikov , Woohyun Han , Woosuk Kwon , Xi Chen , Yinlam Chow , Yuvein Zhu , Zichuan Wei , Zoltan Egyed , Victor Cotruta , Minh Giang , Phoebe Kirk , Anand Rao , Kat Black , Nabila Babar , Jessica Lo , Erica Moreira , Luiz Gustavo Martins , Omar Sanseviero , Lucas Gonzalez , Zach Gleicher , Tris Warkentin , Vahab Mirrokni , Evan Senter , Eli Collins , Joelle Barral , Zoubin Ghahramani , Raia Hadsell , Yossi Matias , D. Sculley , Slav Petrov , Noah Fiedel , Noam Shazeer , Oriol Vinyals , Jeff Dean , Demis Hassabis , Koray Kavukcuoglu , Clement Farabet , Elena Buchatskaya , Jean-Baptiste Alayrac , Rohan Anil , Dmitry , Lepikhin , Sebastian Borgeaud , Olivier Bachem , Armand Joulin , Alek Andreev , Cassidy Hardin , Robert Dadashi , Léonard Hussenot

Scaling long-context ability is essential for Large Language Models (LLMs). To amortize the memory consumption across multiple devices in long-context training, inter-data partitioning (a.k.a. Data Parallelism) and intra-data partitioning…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Hao Ge , Junda Feng , Qi Huang , Fangcheng Fu , Xiaonan Nie , Lei Zuo , Haibin Lin , Bin Cui , Xin Liu

Language model training and inference ignore a fundamental linguistic fact -- there is a dependence between multiple sequences of text written by the same person. Prior work has shown that addressing this form of \textit{ecological fallacy}…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Nikita Soni , Dhruv Vijay Kunjadiya , Pratham Piyush Shah , Dikshya Mohanty , H. Andrew Schwartz , Niranjan Balasubramanian

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various fields, the efficiency of training and inference remains a major challenge. To address this issue, we propose SUBLLM, short for Subsampling-Upsampling-Bypass…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Quandong Wang , Yuxuan Yuan , Xiaoyu Yang , Ruike Zhang , Kang Zhao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Daniel Povey , Bin Wang

We introduce QwenLong-L1.5, a model that achieves superior long-context reasoning capabilities through systematic post-training innovations. The key technical breakthroughs of QwenLong-L1.5 are as follows: (1) Long-Context Data Synthesis…

In-context learning (ICL) is critical for large language models (LLMs), but its effectiveness is constrained by finite context windows, particularly in ultra-long contexts. To overcome this, we introduce InfiniteICL, a framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Bowen Cao , Deng Cai , Wai Lam

We present the first comprehensive, large-scale study of training long-context vision language models up to 344K context, targeting long-document visual question answering with measured transfer to long-context text. While several such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Austin Veselka

Context lengths for models have grown rapidly, from thousands to millions of tokens in just a few years. The extreme context sizes of modern long-context models have made it difficult to construct realistic long-context benchmarks -- not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Stefano Rando , Luca Romani , Alessio Sampieri , Luca Franco , John Yang , Yuta Kyuragi , Fabio Galasso , Tatsunori Hashimoto

Efficient long-context LLM deployment is stalled by a dichotomy between amortized compression, which struggles with out-of-distribution generalization, and Test-Time Training, which incurs prohibitive synthetic data costs and requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Zeju Li , Yizhou Zhou , Qiang Xu

Modern large language foundation models (LLM) have now entered the daily lives of millions of users. We ask a natural question whether it is possible to customize LLM for every user or every task. From system and industrial economy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jianqiao Wangni

Continual pre-training has increasingly become the predominant approach for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to new domains. This process involves updating the pre-trained LLM with a corpus from a new domain, resulting in a shift in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Yiduo Guo , Jie Fu , Huishuai Zhang , Dongyan Zhao , Yikang Shen

Nowadays, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been trained using extended context lengths to foster more creative applications. However, long context training poses great challenges considering the constraint of GPU memory. It not only leads…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Pinxue Zhao , Hailin Zhang , Fangcheng Fu , Xiaonan Nie , Qibin Liu , Fang Yang , Yuanbo Peng , Dian Jiao , Shuaipeng Li , Jinbao Xue , Yangyu Tao , Bin Cui

To break the context limits of large language models (LLMs) that bottleneck reasoning accuracy and efficiency, we propose the Thread Inference Model (TIM), a family of LLMs trained for recursive and decompositional problem solving, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Hongyin Luo , Nathaniel Morgan , Tina Li , Derek Zhao , Ai Vy Ngo , Philip Schroeder , Lijie Yang , Assaf Ben-Kish , Jack O'Brien , James Glass

Recently, recurrent large language models (Recurrent LLMs) with linear computational complexity have re-emerged as efficient alternatives to self-attention-based LLMs (Self-Attention LLMs), which have quadratic complexity. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Kai Liu , Zhan Su , Peijie Dong , Fengran Mo , Jianfei Gao , ShaoTing Zhang , Kai Chen

This paper introduces long-context Granite code models that support effective context windows of up to 128K tokens. Our solution for scaling context length of Granite 3B/8B code models from 2K/4K to 128K consists of a light-weight continual…

Large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 and LLaMA-3 utilize the powerful in-context learning (ICL) capability of Transformer architecture to learn on the fly from limited examples. While ICL underpins many LLM applications, its full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Xingxuan Zhang , Haoran Wang , Jiansheng Li , Yuan Xue , Shikai Guan , Renzhe Xu , Hao Zou , Han Yu , Peng Cui

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with long-context reasoning, not only due to the quadratic scaling of computational complexity with sequence length but also because of the scarcity and expense of annotating long-context data. There…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Linda He , Jue Wang , Maurice Weber , Shang Zhu , Ben Athiwaratkun , Ce Zhang

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) in open-ended scenarios is challenging because existing benchmarks and metrics can not measure them comprehensively. To address this problem, we propose to fine-tune LLMs as scalable judges (JudgeLM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Lianghui Zhu , Xinggang Wang , Xinlong Wang

Binary code summarization, while invaluable for understanding code semantics, is challenging due to its labor-intensive nature. This study delves into the potential of large language models (LLMs) for binary code comprehension. To this end,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Xin Jin , Jonathan Larson , Weiwei Yang , Zhiqiang Lin

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become the most effective post-training approach for improving the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). In practice, because of the high demands on latency and memory, it is particularly challenging…

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