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Though Cliffords and matchgates are both examples of classically simulable circuits, they are considered simulable for different reasons. The celebrated Gottesman-Knill explains the simulability Cliffords, and the efficient simulability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Andrew M. Projansky , Jason Necaise , James D. Whitfield

We present an entirely 2D transversal realization of phase gates at any level of the Clifford hierarchy, and beyond, using non-Abelian surface codes. Our construction encodes a logical qubit in the quantum double $D(G)$ of a non-Abelian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-19 Alison Warman , Sakura Schafer-Nameki

Magic state distillation and the Shor factoring algorithm make essential use of logical diagonal gates. We introduce a method of synthesizing CSS codes that realize a target logical diagonal gate at some level $l$ in the Clifford hierarchy.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-28 Jingzhen Hu , Qingzhong Liang , Robert Calderbank

One of the main challenges in building a quantum processor is to characterize the environmental noise. Noise characterization can be achieved by exploiting different techniques, such as randomization where several sequences of random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Elena Ferraro , Marco De Michielis

Noisy, intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers are expected to execute quantum circuits of up to a few hundred qubits. The circuits have to conform to NISQ architectural constraints regarding qubit allocation and the execution of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-10 Alexandru Paler , Alwin Zulehner , Robert Wille

Developing space- and time-efficient logical magic state preparation protocols will likely be an essential step towards building a large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computer. Motivated by this need, we introduce a scalable method for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Samyak Surti , Lucas Daguerre , Isaac H. Kim

We propose a scheme that converts a stabilizer code into another stabilizer code in a fault tolerant manner. The scheme first puts both codes in specific forms, and proceeds the conversion from a source code to a target code by applying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-10 Yongsoo Hwang , Byung-Soo Choi , Young-chai Ko , Jun Heo

Twirling noise affecting quantum gates is essential in understanding and controlling errors, but applicable operations to noise are usually restricted by symmetries inherent in quantum gates. In this work, we propose symmetric Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Kento Tsubouchi , Yosuke Mitsuhashi , Kunal Sharma , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

We present an algorithm for manipulating quantum information via a sequence of projective measurements. We frame this manipulation in the language of stabilizer codes: a quantum computation approach in which errors are prevented and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-26 Kristina R. Colladay , Erich J. Mueller

Clifford circuit optimization is an important step in the quantum compilation pipeline. Major compilers employ heuristic approaches. While they are fast, their results are often suboptimal. Minimization of noisy gates, like 2-qubit CNOT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Irfansha Shaik , Jaco van de Pol

A defining feature in the field of quantum computing is the potential of a quantum device to outperform its classical counterpart for a specific computational task. By now, several proposals exist showing that certain sampling problems can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-23 Rawad Mezher , Joe Ghalbouni , Joseph Dgheim , Damian Markham

Quantum Entanglement is a fundamentally important resource in Quantum Information Science; however, generating it in practice is plagued by noise and decoherence, limiting its utility. Entanglement distillation and forward error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-14 Vaishnavi L. Addala , Shu Ge , Stefan Krastanov

In fault-tolerant quantum circuit synthesis, T gates supplied via magic states dominate space-time cost, while Clifford gates incur negligible overhead. Conventional flows minimize AND count in an {XOR, AND, NOT} basis as a proxy for T,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Hanyu Wang , Mingfei Yu , Xinrui Wu , Jason Cong

The Clifford hierarchy is a foundational concept for universal quantum computation (UQC). It was introduced to show that UQC can be realized via quantum teleportation, given access to certain standard resources. While the full structure of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-12 Narayanan Rengaswamy , Robert Calderbank , Henry D. Pfister

The Gottesman-Knill theorem asserts that quantum circuits composed solely of Clifford gates can be efficiently simulated classically. This theorem hinges on the fact that Clifford gates map Pauli strings to other Pauli strings, thereby…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-30 George Biswas

We develop the first constructive algorithms for compiling single-qubit unitary gates into circuits over the universal $V$ basis. The $V$ basis is an alternative universal basis to the more commonly studied $\{H,T\}$ basis. We propose two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-29 Alex Bocharov , Yuri Gurevich , Krysta M. Svore

The disjointness of a stabilizer code is a quantity used to constrain the level of the logical Clifford hierarchy attainable by transversal gates and constant-depth quantum circuits. We show that for any positive integer constant $c$, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 John Bostanci , Aleksander Kubica

We present a software library for the commutation of Pauli operators through quantum Clifford circuits, which is called Pauli tracking. Tracking Pauli operators allows one to reduce the number of Pauli gates that must be executed on quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-22 Jannis Ruh , Simon Devitt

The precise and automated calibration of quantum gates is a key requirement for building a reliable quantum computer. Unlike errors from decoherence, systematic errors can in principle be completely removed by tuning experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-25 Pascal Cerfontaine , René Otten , Hendrik Bluhm

Let G(A,B) denote the 2-qubit gate which acts as the 1-qubit SU(2) gates A and B in the even and odd parity subspaces respectively, of two qubits. Using a Clifford algebra formalism we show that arbitrary uniform families of circuits of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-19 Richard Jozsa , Akimasa Miyake
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