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Recently, feedback-based quantum algorithms have been introduced to calculate the ground states of Hamiltonians, inspired by quantum Lyapunov control theory. This paper aims to generalize these algorithms to the problem of calculating an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Salahuddin Abdul Rahman , Özkan Karabacak , Rafal Wisniewski

The ground state properties of quantum many-body systems are a subject of interest across chemistry, materials science, and physics. Thus, algorithms for finding ground states can have broad impacts. Variational quantum algorithms are one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-28 James B. Larsen , Matthew D. Grace , Andrew D. Baczewski , Alicia B. Magann

The calculation of excited state energies of electronic structure Hamiltonians has many important applications, such as the calculation of optical spectra and reaction rates. While low-depth quantum algorithms, such as the variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-03 Oscar Higgott , Daochen Wang , Stephen Brierley

Utilizing quantum computer to investigate quantum chemistry is an important research field nowadays. In addition to the ground-state problems that have been widely studied, the determination of excited-states plays a crucial role in the…

Calculating the energy spectrum of a quantum system is an important task, for example to analyse reaction rates in drug discovery and catalysis. There has been significant progress in developing algorithms to calculate the ground state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-12 Suguru Endo , Tyson Jones , Sam McArdle , Xiao Yuan , Simon Benjamin

In recent quantum algorithmic developments, a feedback-based approach has shown promise for preparing quantum many-body system ground states and solving combinatorial optimization problems. This method utilizes quantum Lyapunov control to…

A method is presented in which the ground-state subspace is projected out of a Hamiltonian representation. As a result of this projection, an effective Hamiltonian is constructed where its ground-state coincides with an excited-state of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-14 P. Jouzdani , S. Bringuier , M. Kostuk

Excited states of molecules lie in the heart of photochemistry and chemical reactions. The recent development in quantum computational chemistry leads to inventions of a variety of algorithms that calculate the excited states of molecules…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-05 Hiroki Kawai , Yuya O. Nakagawa

We propose an excited-state molecular dynamics simulation method based on variational quantum algorithms at a computational cost comparable to that of ground-state simulations. We utilize the feature that excited states can be obtained as…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-03-02 Hirotoshi Hirai

Determining quantum excited states is crucial across physics and chemistry but presents significant challenges for variational methods, primarily due to the need to enforce orthogonality to lower-energy states, often requiring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-01 Shi-Xin Zhang , Lei Wang

Excited state properties play a pivotal role in various chemical and physical phenomena, such as charge separation and light emission. However, the primary focus of most existing quantum algorithms has been the ground state, as seen in…

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE), a variational algorithm to obtain an approximated ground state of a given Hamiltonian, is an appealing application of near-term quantum computers. The original work [A. Peruzzo et al.; \textit{Nat.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-06 Ken M Nakanishi , Kosuke Mitarai , Keisuke Fujii

We propose a state-specific orbital optimization scheme for improving the accuracy of excited states of the electronic structure Hamiltonian for the use on near-term quantum computers, which can be combined with any overlap-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Guorui Zhu , Joel Bierman , Jianfeng Lu , Yingzhou Li

Electronic excited states are central to a vast array of physical and chemical phenomena, yet accurate and efficient methods for preparing them on quantum devices remain challenging and comparatively underexplored. We introduce a general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Hao-En Li , Lin Lin

We present a variational Monte Carlo algorithm for estimating the lowest excited states of a quantum system which is a natural generalization of the estimation of ground states. The method has no free parameters and requires no explicit…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-09-04 David Pfau , Simon Axelrod , Halvard Sutterud , Ingrid von Glehn , James S. Spencer

Quantum computing has the potential to transform simulations of quantum many-body problems at the heart of electronic structure theory. Efficient quantum algorithms to compute the eigenstates of fermionic Hamiltonians, such as quantum phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Hugh G. A. Burton , Maria-Andreea Filip

Computing the excited states of a given Hamiltonian is computationally hard for large systems, but methods that do so using quantum computers scale tractably. This problem is equivalent to the PCA problem where we are interested in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-19 David Quiroga , Jason Han , Anastasios Kyrillidis

Computing excited-state properties of molecules and solids is considered one of the most important near-term applications of quantum computers. While many of the current excited-state quantum algorithms differ in circuit architecture,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-19 Carlos L. Benavides-Riveros , Yuchen Wang , Samuel Warren , David A. Mazziotti

The computation of excited electronic states is an important application for quantum computers. In this work, we simulate the excited state spectra of four aromatic heterocycles on IBM superconducting quantum computers, focusing on active…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-19 Maria A. Castellanos , Mario Motta , Julia E. Rice

Solving for molecular excited states remains one of the key challenges of modern quantum chemistry. Traditional methods are constrained by existing computational capabilities, limiting the complexity of the molecules that can be studied or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-13 Jules Tilly , Glenn Jones , Hongxiang Chen , Leonard Wossnig , Edward Grant
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