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Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in high dimensions is an integral part of several computer vision systems and gains importance in deep learning with explicit memory representations. Since PQT, FAISS, and SONG started to leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Fabian Groh , Lukas Ruppert , Patrick Wieschollek , Hendrik P. A. Lensch

Top-k Nearest Neighbors (kNN) problem on road network has numerous applications on location-based services. As direct search using the Dijkstra's algorithm results in a large search space, a plethora of complex-index-based approaches have…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yiqi Wang , Long Yuan , Wenjie Zhang , Xuemin Lin , Zi Chen , Qing Liu

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a fundamental problem in many areas of machine learning and data mining. During the past decade, numerous hashing algorithms are proposed to solve this problem. Every proposed algorithm claims…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Deng Cai

The in-memory algorithms for approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) have achieved great success for fast high-recall search, but are extremely expensive when handling very large scale database. Thus, there is an increasing request for…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Qi Chen , Bing Zhao , Haidong Wang , Mingqin Li , Chuanjie Liu , Zengzhong Li , Mao Yang , Jingdong Wang

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a fundamental problem in computer science for which in-memory graph-based methods, such as Hierarchical Navigable Small World (HNSW), perform exceptionally well. To scale beyond billions of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Manuel Widmoser , Daniel Kocher , Nikolaus Augsten

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a crucial operation in databases and artificial intelligence. While graph-based ANNS methods like HNSW and NSG excel in performance, they assume uniform query distribution. However, in…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yifan Zhu , Ruijie Zhao , Zhonggen Li , Baihua Zheng , Zhikun Zhang , Zhaoqiang Chen , Congcong Ge

Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search retrieves the closest vectors for a query vector from a dataset. It enforces that a specified set of discrete labels $S$ for the query must be included in the labels of each retrieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ananya Sutradhar , Suryansh Gupta , Ravishankar Krishnaswamy , Haiyang Xu , Aseem Rastogi , Gopal Srinivasa

As data volumes grow while memory capacity remains limited, disk-resident graph-based approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) methods have become a practical alternative to memory-resident designs, shifting the bottleneck from computation to…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiaoyu Chen , Jinxiu Qu , Yitong Song , Shuhang Lu , Huiling Li , Minghui Jiang , Wei Zhou , Jianliang Xu , Xuanhe Zhou , Fan Wu

Dense retrieval, which describes the use of contextualised language models such as BERT to identify documents from a collection by leveraging approximate nearest neighbour (ANN) techniques, has been increasing in popularity. Two families of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Craig Macdonald , Nicola Tonellotto

Model-based methods for recommender systems have been studied extensively for years. Modern recommender systems usually resort to 1) representation learning models which define user-item preference as the distance between their embedding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Rihan Chen , Bin Liu , Han Zhu , Yaoxuan Wang , Qi Li , Buting Ma , Qingbo Hua , Jun Jiang , Yunlong Xu , Hongbo Deng , Bo Zheng

Nearest Neighbor Search (NNS) has recently drawn a rapid increase of interest due to its core role in managing high-dimensional vector data in data science and AI applications. The interest is fueled by the success of neural embedding,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Zhen Peng , Minjia Zhang , Kai Li , Ruoming Jin , Bin Ren

Graph-based approaches to nearest neighbor search are popular and powerful tools for handling large datasets in practice, but they have limited theoretical guarantees. We study the worst-case performance of recent graph-based approximate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Piotr Indyk , Haike Xu

Approximate K Nearest Neighbor (AKNN) algorithms play a pivotal role in various AI applications, including information retrieval, computer vision, and natural language processing. Although numerous AKNN algorithms and benchmarks have been…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Xianzhi Zeng , Zhuoyan Wu , Xinjing Hu , Xuanhua Shi , Shixuan Sun , Shuhao Zhang

Sparse embeddings of data form an attractive class due to their inherent interpretability: Every dimension is tied to a term in some vocabulary, making it easy to visually decipher the latent space. Sparsity, however, poses unique…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Sebastian Bruch , Franco Maria Nardini , Cosimo Rulli , Rossano Venturini

Various kinds of k-nearest neighbor (KNN) based classification methods are the bases of many well-established and high-performance pattern-recognition techniques, but both of them are vulnerable to their parameter choice. Essentially, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-12-08 Ji Feng , Qingsheng Zhu , Jinlong Huang , Lijun Yang

Although Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search has been extensively studied, large-k ANN queries that aim to retrieve a large number of nearest neighbors remain underexplored, despite their numerous real-world applications. Existing ANN…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ziqi Yin , Gao Cong , Kai Zeng , Jinwei Zhu , Bin Cui

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a cornerstone algorithm for information retrieval, recommendation systems, and machine learning applications. While x86-based architectures have historically dominated this domain, the…

The explosive growth in big data has attracted much attention in designing efficient indexing and search methods recently. In many critical applications such as large-scale search and pattern matching, finding the nearest neighbors to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Jun Wang , Wei Liu , Sanjiv Kumar , Shih-Fu Chang

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a core primitive in modern AI systems, and graph-based methods currently offer the best accuracy-efficiency trade-off at scale. The workload is fundamentally memory-bound: graph traversal…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sitian Chen , Yusen Li , Yao Chen , Minwen Deng , Jintao Meng , Amelie Chi Zhou

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a fundamental and critical component in many applications, including recommendation systems and large language model-based applications. With the advancement of multimodal neural models, which…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Meng Chen , Kai Zhang , Zhenying He , Yinan Jing , X. Sean Wang