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A key challenge in Domain Generalization (DG) is preventing overfitting to source domains, which can be mitigated by finding flatter minima in the loss landscape. In this work, we propose Quantization-aware Training for Domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Saqib Javed , Hieu Le , Mathieu Salzmann

Quantization and fine-tuning are crucial for deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained edge devices. However, fine-tuning quantized models presents significant challenges, primarily stemming from: First, the mismatch in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Junyu Chen , Junzhuo Li , Zhen Peng , Wenjie Wang , Yuxiang Ren , Long Shi , Xuming Hu

Mixed-precision quantization mostly predetermines the model bit-width settings before actual training due to the non-differential bit-width sampling process, obtaining sub-optimal performance. Worse still, the conventional static…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Yingchun Wang , Jingcai Guo , Song Guo , Weizhan Zhang

Quantized networks use less computational and memory resources and are suitable for deployment on edge devices. While quantization-aware training QAT is the well-studied approach to quantize the networks at low precision, most research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Kartik Gupta , Akshay Asthana

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising technique for mitigating memory consumption and computational costs in large language models (LLMs). However, a systematic examination of various quantization schemes, model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Zhewei Yao , Xiaoxia Wu , Cheng Li , Stephen Youn , Yuxiong He

Large language models (LLMs) excel in various tasks but face deployment challenges due to hardware constraints. We propose density-aware post-training weight-only quantization (DAQ), which has two stages: 1) density-centric alignment, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yingsong Luo , Ling Chen

While transformer-based pre-trained language models (PLMs) have dominated a number of NLP applications, these models are heavy to deploy and expensive to use. Therefore, effectively compressing large-scale PLMs becomes an increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Zhuocheng Gong , Jiahao Liu , Qifan Wang , Yang Yang , Jingang Wang , Wei Wu , Yunsen Xian , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various domains, but they are constrained by massive computational and storage costs. Quantization, an effective technique for compressing models to fit resource-limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Han Liu , Haotian Gao , Xiaotong Zhang , Changya Li , Feng Zhang , Wei Wang , Fenglong Ma , Hong Yu

Supervised fine-tuning is a standard method for adapting pre-trained large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. Quantization has been recently studied as a post-training technique for efficient LLM deployment. To obtain quantized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Quan Wei , Chung-Yiu Yau , Hoi-To Wai , Yang Katie Zhao , Dongyeop Kang , Youngsuk Park , Mingyi Hong

Methods based on weight compensation, which iteratively apply quantization and weight compensation to minimize the output error, have recently demonstrated remarkable success in quantizing Large Language Models (LLMs). The representative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Shuaiting Li , Juncan Deng , Kedong Xu , Rongtao Deng , Hong Gu , Minghan Jiang , Haibin Shen , Kejie Huang

Large language model (LLM) reinforcement learning (RL) pipelines are often bottlenecked by rollout generation, making end-to-end training slow. Recent work mitigates this by running rollouts with quantization to accelerate decoding, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Hao Gu , Hao Wang , Jiacheng Liu , Lujun Li , Qiyuan Zhu , Bei Liu , Binxing Xu , Lei Wang , Xintong Yang , Sida Lin , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of quantization techniques for optimizing Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically focusing on Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) and Quantization-Aware Training (QAT). Through empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jahid Hasan

We introduce a method to train Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) --- neural networks with extremely low precision (e.g., 1-bit) weights and activations, at run-time. At train-time the quantized weights and activations are used for computing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-09-23 Itay Hubara , Matthieu Courbariaux , Daniel Soudry , Ran El-Yaniv , Yoshua Bengio

Post-training quantization is a key technique for reducing the memory and inference latency of large language models by quantizing weights and activations without requiring retraining. However, existing methods either (1) fail to account…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jinuk Kim , Marwa El Halabi , Wonpyo Park , Clemens JS Schaefer , Deokjae Lee , Yeonhong Park , Jae W. Lee , Hyun Oh Song

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are quantized for efficient inference on resource-constrained platforms. However, training deep learning models with low-precision weights and activations involves a demanding optimization task, which calls for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Ziang Long , Penghang Yin , Jack Xin

This paper proposes a novel binarized weight network (BT) for a resource-efficient neural structure. The proposed model estimates a binary representation of weights by taking into account the approximation error with an additional term.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Savas Ozkan , Gozde Bozdagi Akar

Model quantization is a promising method for accelerating and compressing diffusion models. Nevertheless, since post-training quantization (PTQ) fails catastrophically at low-bit cases, quantization-aware training (QAT) is essential.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Xuewen Liu , Zhikai Li , Minhao Jiang , Mengjuan Chen , Jianquan Li , Qingyi Gu

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) has emerged as an effective technique for alleviating the substantial computational and memory overheads of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) by compressing both weights and activations without retraining the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Chenwei Jia , Baoting Li , Xuchong Zhang , Mingzhuo Wei , Bochen Lin , Hongbin Sun

Efficient deployment of large language models (LLMs) requires extreme quantization, forcing a critical trade-off between low-bit efficiency and performance. Residual binarization enables hardware-friendly, matmul-free inference by stacking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Youngcheon You , Banseok Lee , Minseop Choi , Seonyoung Kim , Hyochan Chong , Changdong Kim , Youngmin Kim , Dongkyu Kim

We show that robustness to post-training quantization (PTQ) is a transferable direction in weight space. We call this direction the quantization vector: extracted from a donor task by simple weight-space arithmetic, it can be used to patch…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Daniele Solombrino , Antonio Andrea Gargiulo , Alessandro Zirilli , Luca Zhou , Adrian Robert Minut , Emanuele Rodolà