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The field of engineering is shaped by the tools and methods used to solve problems. Optimization is one such class of powerful, robust, and effective engineering tools proven over decades of use. Within just a few years, generative…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Lyle Regenwetter , Cyril Picard , Amin Heyrani Nobari , Akash Srivastava , Faez Ahmed

Molecule generation using generative AI is vital for drug discovery, yet class-specific datasets often contain fewer than 100 training examples. While fragment-based models handle limited data better than atom-based approaches, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuto Suzuki , Paul Awolade , Daniel V. LaBarbera , Farnoush Banaei-Kashani

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) aims to design small-molecule ligands that bind with high affinity and specificity to pre-determined protein targets. Generative SBDD methods leverage structural data of drugs in complex with their protein…

PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are an emerging therapeutic modality for degrading a protein of interest (POI) by marking it for degradation by the proteasome. Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) suggest that deep…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-08 Divya Nori , Connor W. Coley , Rocío Mercado

Due to the vast design space of molecules, generating molecules conditioned on a specific sub-structure relevant to a particular function or therapeutic target is a crucial task in computer-aided drug design. Existing works mainly focus on…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-24 Qi Zhengyang , Liu Zijing , Zhang Jiying , Cao He , Li Yu

Generative models in molecular design tend to be richly parameterized, data-hungry neural models, as they must create complex structured objects as outputs. Estimating such models from data may be challenging due to the lack of sufficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Kevin Yang , Wengong Jin , Kyle Swanson , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

In recent years the scientific community has devoted much effort in the development of deep learning models for the generation of new molecules with desirable properties (i.e. drugs). This has produced many proposals in literature. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Davide Rigoni , Nicolò Navarin , Alessandro Sperduti

Structure-based drug design uses three-dimensional geometric information of macromolecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, to identify suitable ligands. Geometric deep learning, an emerging concept of neural-network-based machine…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-10-21 Clemens Isert , Kenneth Atz , Gisbert Schneider

The design of novel protein sequences with targeted functionalities underpins a central theme in protein engineering, impacting diverse fields such as drug discovery and enzymatic engineering. However, navigating this vast combinatorial…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-19 Yiheng Zhu , Zitai Kong , Jialu Wu , Weize Liu , Yuqiang Han , Mingze Yin , Hongxia Xu , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Tingjun Hou

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) aims to discover drug candidates by finding molecules (ligands) that bind tightly to a disease-related protein (targets), which is the primary approach to computer-aided drug discovery. Recently, applying…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-12-01 Tianfan Fu , Wenhao Gao , Connor W. Coley , Jimeng Sun

Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD) has revolutionized drug discovery by enabling the rational design of molecules for specific protein targets. Despite significant advancements in improving docking scores, advanced 3D-SBDD generative models…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-04 Bowen Gao , Yanwen Huang , Yiqiao Liu , Wenxuan Xie , Wei-Ying Ma , Ya-Qin Zhang , Yanyan Lan

3D generative models have shown significant promise in structure-based drug design (SBDD), particularly in discovering ligands tailored to specific target binding sites. Existing algorithms often focus primarily on ligand-target binding,…

Despite the great popularity of virtual screening of existing compound libraries, the search for new potential drug candidates also takes advantage of generative protocols, where new compound suggestions are enumerated using various…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-22 Tomasz Danel , Jan Łęski , Sabina Podlewska , Igor T. Podolak

Challenges in natural sciences can often be phrased as optimization problems. Machine learning techniques have recently been applied to solve such problems. One example in chemistry is the design of tailor-made organic materials and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-17 AkshatKumar Nigam , Pascal Friederich , Mario Krenn , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

De novo molecular design attempts to search over the chemical space for molecules with the desired property. Recently, deep learning has gained considerable attention as a promising approach to solve the problem. In this paper, we propose…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-28 Sungsoo Ahn , Junsu Kim , Hankook Lee , Jinwoo Shin

The rational design of novel molecules with desired bioactivity is a critical but challenging task in drug discovery, especially when treating a novel target family or understudied targets. Here, we propose PGMG, a pharmacophore-guided deep…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-05 Huimin Zhu , Renyi Zhou , Jing Tang , Min Li

Deep learning methods have permeated into the research area of computer-aided drug design. The deep learning generative model and classical algorithm can be simultaneously used for three-dimensional (3D) drug design in the 3D pocket of the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-06-18 Qifeng Bai

We study a fundamental problem in structure-based drug design -- generating molecules that bind to specific protein binding sites. While we have witnessed the great success of deep generative models in drug design, the existing methods are…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-15 Shitong Luo , Jiaqi Guan , Jianzhu Ma , Jian Peng

Generative Design (GD) has evolved as a transformative design approach, employing advanced algorithms and AI to create diverse and innovative solutions beyond traditional constraints. Despite its success, GD faces significant challenges…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Jihoon Kim , Yongmin Kwon , Namwoo Kang

Generating novel drug molecules with desired biological properties is a time consuming and complex task. Conditional generative adversarial models have recently been proposed as promising approaches for de novo drug design. In this paper,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-26 Yuansan Liu , James Bailey