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Matrix Factorization (MF) has been widely applied in machine learning and data mining. A large number of algorithms have been studied to factorize matrices. Among them, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a commonly used method.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Yuanhang Yu , Dong Wen , Ying Zhang , Xiaoyang Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Xuemin Lin

In this paper, we propose a mixed-precision convolution unit architecture which supports different integer and floating point (FP) precisions. The proposed architecture is based on low-bit inner product units and realizes higher precision…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Hamzah Abdel-Aziz , Ali Shafiee , Jong Hoon Shin , Ardavan Pedram , Joseph H. Hassoun

Computationally intensive deep neural networks (DNNs) are well-suited to run on GPUs, but newly developed algorithms usually require the heavily optimized DNN routines to work efficiently, and this problem could be even more difficult for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Yu-Sheng Lin , Wei-Chao Chen , Shao-Yi Chien

Convolution is one of the fundamental operations of deep neural networks with demanding matrix computation. In a graphic processing unit (GPU), Tensor Core is a specialized matrix processing hardware equipped with reduced-precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Junkyeong Choi , Hyucksung Kwon , Woongkyu Lee , Jungwook Choi , Jieun Lim

The proposed article aims at offering a comprehensive tutorial for the computational aspects of structured matrix and tensor factorization. Unlike existing tutorials that mainly focus on {\it algorithmic procedures} for a small set of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-19 Xiao Fu , Nico Vervliet , Lieven De Lathauwer , Kejun Huang , Nicolas Gillis

Matrix multiplication is a foundational operation in scientific computing and machine learning, yet its computational complexity makes it a significant bottleneck for large-scale applications. The shift to parallel architectures, primarily…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Mufakir Qamar Ansari , Mudabir Qamar Ansari

To respond to the need of efficient training and inference of deep neural networks, a plethora of domain-specific hardware architectures have been introduced, such as Google Tensor Processing Units and NVIDIA Tensor Cores. A common feature…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Rezaul Chowdhury , Francesco Silvestri , Flavio Vella

Tensor accelerators have gained popularity because they provide a cheap and efficient solution for speeding up computational-expensive tasks in Deep Learning and, more recently, in other Scientific Computing applications. However, since…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Paolo Sylos Labini , Massimo Bernaschi , Francesco Silvestri , Flavio Vella

We present a mixed-precision benchmark called HPL-MxP that uses both a lower-precision LU factorization with a non-stationary iterative refinement based on GMRES. We evaluate the numerical stability of one of the methods of generating the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Jack Dongarra , Piotr Luszczek

Matrix-multiply-accumulate (MMA) units, or tensor cores, are now widespread across modern computing architectures. Yet, their use for particle-grid operators remains limited. In implicit particle methods, mass-matrix assembly is a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Luca Pennati , Stefano Markidis

Within the past years, hardware vendors have started designing low precision special function units in response to the demand of the Machine Learning community and their demand for high compute power in low precision formats. Also the…

Matrix multiplication is the bedrock in Deep Learning inference application. When it comes to hardware acceleration on edge computing devices, matrix multiplication often takes up a great majority of the time. To achieve better performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Yuyang Zhang , Dik Hin Leung , Min Guo , Yijia Xiao , Haoyue Liu , Yunfei Li , Jiyuan Zhang , Guan Wang , Zhen Chen

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is an essential tool in scientific and engineering computation. The increasing demand for mixed-precision FFT has made it possible to utilize half-precision floating-point (FP16) arithmetic for faster speed and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Binrui Li , Shenggan Cheng , James Lin

Hierarchical Matrix (H-matrix) is an approximation technique which splits a target dense matrix into multiple submatrices, and where a selected portion of submatrices are low-rank approximated. The technique substantially reduces both time…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Rise Ooi , Takeshi Iwashita , Takeshi Fukaya , Akihiro Ida , Rio Yokota

Gradient descent optimizations and backpropagation are the most common methods for training neural networks, but they are computationally expensive for real time applications, need high memory resources, and are difficult to converge for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Seyyed Mostafa Mousavi Janbeh Sarayi , Mansour Nikkhah Bahrami

NVIDIA Tensor Cores and AMD Matrix Cores (together called Matrix Accelerators) are of growing interest in high-performance computing and machine learning owing to their high performance. Unfortunately, their numerical behaviors are not…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Xinyi Li , Ang Li , Bo Fang , Katarzyna Swirydowicz , Ignacio Laguna , Ganesh Gopalakrishnan

Tensor Cores have been an important unit to accelerate Fused Matrix Multiplication Accumulation (MMA) in all NVIDIA GPUs since Volta Architecture. To program Tensor Cores, users have to use either legacy wmma APIs or current mma APIs.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Wei Sun , Ang Li , Tong Geng , Sander Stuijk , Henk Corporaal

A new O(N) algorithm based on a recursion method, in which the computational effort is proportional to the number of atoms N, is presented for calculating the inverse of an overlap matrix which is needed in electronic structure calculations…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-08-31 T. Ozaki

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is a critical operation underpinning a wide range of applications in high-performance computing (HPC) and artificial intelligence (AI). The emergence of hardware optimized for low-precision arithmetic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Qiao Zhang , Rabab Alomairy , Dali Wang , Zhuowei Gu , Qinglei Cao

Emerging deep learning workloads urgently need fast general matrix multiplication (GEMM). To meet such demand, one of the critical features of machine-learning-specific accelerators such as NVIDIA Tensor Cores, AMD Matrix Cores, and Google…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Bo Fang , Xinyi Li , Harvey Dam , Cheng Tan , Siva Kumar Sastry Hari , Timothy Tsai , Ignacio Laguna , Dingwen Tao , Ganesh Gopalakrishnan , Prashant Nair , Kevin Barker , Ang Li