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Social media conversations frequently suffer from toxicity, creating significant issues for users, moderators, and entire communities. Events in the real world, like elections or conflicts, can initiate and escalate toxic behavior online.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Wondimagegnhue Tsegaye Tufa , Ilia Markov , Piek Vossen

Online social media has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its ease of access and ability to connect with others. One of social media's main draws is its anonymity, allowing users to share their thoughts and opinions without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Vigneshwaran Shankaran , Rajesh Sharma

Content moderation is the process of flagging content based on pre-defined platform rules. There has been a growing need for AI moderators to safeguard users as well as protect the mental health of human moderators from traumatic content.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Meng Ye , Karan Sikka , Katherine Atwell , Sabit Hassan , Ajay Divakaran , Malihe Alikhani

Toxic comments are the top form of hate and harassment experienced online. While many studies have investigated the types of toxic comments posted online, the effects that such content has on people, and the impact of potential defenses, no…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Deepak Kumar , Jeff Hancock , Kurt Thomas , Zakir Durumeric

An increasing amount of attention has been devoted to the problem of "toxic" or antisocial behavior on social media. In this paper we analyze such behavior at very large scales: we analyze toxicity over a 14-year time span on nearly 500…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Katy Blumer , Jon Kleinberg

Online toxic content has grown into a pervasive phenomenon, intensifying during times of crisis, elections, and social unrest. A significant amount of research has been focused on detecting or analyzing toxic content using machine-learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Tim A. Majchrzak

Online platforms host a diverse user base, which can be broadly categorized into "specialist users" with focused interests and "generalist users" who engage in a wide range of topics. This study explores the behavioral differences between…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Abi Oppenheim , Federico Albanese , Esteban Feuerstein

Generic `toxicity' classifiers continue to be used for evaluating the potential for harm in natural language generation, despite mounting evidence of their shortcomings. We consider the challenge of measuring misogyny in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Aaron J. Snoswell , Lucinda Nelson , Hao Xue , Flora D. Salim , Nicolas Suzor , Jean Burgess

In the digital era, the internet and social media have transformed communication but have also facilitated the spread of hate speech and disinformation, leading to radicalization, polarization, and toxicity. This is especially concerning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 ALEJANDRO BUITRAGO LOPEZ , Javier Pastor-Galindo , José Antonio Ruipérez-Valiente

Online communities for sports fans have surged in popularity, with Reddit's r/PremierLeague emerging as a focal point for fans of one of the globe's most celebrated sports leagues. This boom has helped the Premier League make significant…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Muhammad Zeeshan Mazhar , Tolga Buz , Yiran Su

Counterspeech has gained attention as a strategy to reduce hate speech on social media. Although previous studies suggest that counterspeech can reduce hate speech, little is known about its effects on participation in online hate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Daniel Hickey , Matheus Schmitz , Daniel M. T. Fessler , Paul E. Smaldino , Kristina Lerman , Goran Murić , Keith Burghardt

Previous research has documented the existence of both online echo chambers and hostile intergroup interactions. In this paper, we explore the relationship between these two phenomena by studying the activity of 5.97M Reddit users and 421M…

The detection of toxic language in the Arabic language has emerged as an active area of research in recent years, and reviewing the existing datasets employed for training the developed solutions has become a pressing need. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Imene Bensalem , Paolo Rosso , Hanane Zitouni

The emergence of toxic information on social networking sites, such as Twitter, Parler, and Reddit, has become a growing concern. Consequently, this study aims to assess the level of toxicity in COVID-19 discussions on Twitter, Parler, and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Nahiyan Bin Noor , Niloofar Yousefi , Billy Spann , Nitin Agarwal

On social media platforms, hateful and offensive language negatively impact the mental well-being of users and the participation of people from diverse backgrounds. Automatic methods to detect offensive language have largely relied on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Rishav Hada , Sohi Sudhir , Pushkar Mishra , Helen Yannakoudakis , Saif M. Mohammad , Ekaterina Shutova

The Internet and online forums such as Reddit have become an increasingly popular medium for citizens to engage in political conversations. However, the online disinhibition effect resulting from the ability to use pseudonymous identities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-20 Rishab Nithyanand , Brian Schaffner , Phillipa Gill

The rise of misinformation and fake news in online political discourse poses significant challenges to democratic processes and public engagement. While debunking efforts aim to counteract misinformation and foster fact-based dialogue,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Wentao Xu , Wenlu Fan , Shiqian Lu , Tenghao Li , Bin Wang

Twitter is one of the most popular online micro-blogging and social networking platforms. This platform allows individuals to freely express opinions and interact with others regardless of geographic barriers. However, with the good that…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Nazanin Salehabadi , Anne Groggel , Mohit Singhal , Sayak Saha Roy , Shirin Nilizadeh

Tackling toxic behavior in digital communication continues to be a pressing concern for both academics and industry professionals. While significant research has explored toxicity on platforms like social networks and discussion boards,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Naquee Rizwan , Nayandeep Deb , Sarthak Roy , Vishwajeet Singh Solanki , Kiran Garimella , Animesh Mukherjee

This paper examines the shift in focus on content policies and user attitudes on the social media platform Reddit. We do this by focusing on comments from general Reddit users from five posts made by admins (moderators) on updates to Reddit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Elissa Nakajima Wickham , Emily Öhman
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