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AI/ML-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and misbehavior detection systems (MDSs) have shown great potential in identifying anomalies in the network traffic of networked autonomous systems. Despite the vast research efforts, practical…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Opeyemi Ajibuwa , Bechir Hamdaoui , Attila A. Yavuz

The increasing levels of software- and data-intensive driving automation call for an evolution of automotive software testing. As a recommended practice of the Verification and Validation (V&V) process of ISO/PAS 21448, a candidate standard…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Markus Borg , Raja Ben Abdessalem , Shiva Nejati , Francois-Xavier Jegeden , Donghwan Shin

Autonomous vehicles rely heavily upon their perception subsystems to see the environment in which they operate. Unfortunately, the effect of variable weather conditions presents a significant challenge to object detection algorithms, and…

Ensuring the safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) remains a critical challenge, as traditional verification methods such as large-scale on-road testing are prohibitively costly and time-consuming.To address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ji Zhou , Yongqi Zhao , Yixian Hu , Hexuan Li , Zhengguo Gu , Nan Xu , Arno Eichberger

Training autonomous vehicles requires lots of driving sequences in all situations\cite{zhao2016}. Typically a simulation environment (software-in-the-loop, SiL) accompanies real-world test drives to systematically vary environmental…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-01-09 Christian Wittpahl , Hatem Ben Zakour , Matthias Lehmann , Alexander Braun

Ensuring the safety of self-driving cars remains a major challenge due to the complexity and unpredictability of real-world driving environments. Traditional testing methods face significant limitations, such as the oracle problem, which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Tony Zhang , Burak Kantarci , Umair Siddique

Recent text-to-image (T2I) models have benefited from large-scale and high-quality data, demonstrating impressive performance. However, these T2I models still struggle to produce images that are aesthetically pleasing, geometrically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Jianshu Guo , Wenhao Chai , Jie Deng , Hsiang-Wei Huang , Tian Ye , Yichen Xu , Jiawei Zhang , Jenq-Neng Hwang , Gaoang Wang

AI-powered systems have gained widespread popularity in various domains, including Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). However, ensuring their reliability and safety is challenging due to their complex nature. Conventional test adequacy metrics,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Neelofar Neelofar , Aldeida Aleti

Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) docking in dynamic and uncertain environments is a critical challenge for underwater robotics. Reinforcement learning is a promising method for developing robust controllers, but the disparity between…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Kevin Chang , Rakesh Vivekanandan , Noah Pragin , Sean Bullock , Geoffrey Hollinger

Driving simulators play a large role in developing and testing new intelligent vehicle systems. The visual fidelity of the simulation is critical for building vision-based algorithms and conducting human driver experiments. Low visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Ekim Yurtsever , Dongfang Yang , Ibrahim Mert Koc , Keith A. Redmill

Image-based learning methods for autonomous vehicle perception tasks require large quantities of labelled, real data in order to properly train without overfitting, which can often be incredibly costly. While leveraging the power of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Nithin Raghavan , Punarjay Chakravarty , Shubham Shrivastava

Purpose: This study examines the core traits of image-to-image translation (I2I) networks, focusing on their effectiveness and adaptability in everyday clinical settings. Methods: We have analyzed data from 794 patients diagnosed with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Mohammad R. Salmanpour , Amin Mousavi , Yixi Xu , William B Weeks , Ilker Hacihaliloglu

Modern autonomous systems require extensive testing to ensure reliability and build trust in ground vehicles. However, testing these systems in the real-world is challenging due to the lack of large and diverse datasets, especially in edge…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Xiangyu Bai , Yedi Luo , Le Jiang , Aniket Gupta , Pushyami Kaveti , Hanumant Singh , Sarah Ostadabbas

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) based on deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely used in autonomous vehicles for critical perception tasks such as object detection, semantic segmentation, and lane recognition. However, these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Stefano Carlo Lambertenghi , Hannes Leonhard , Andrea Stocco

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) collaborative perception is crucial for autonomous driving. However, achieving high-precision V2X perception requires a significant amount of annotated real-world data, which can always be expensive and hard to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Xianghao Kong , Wentao Jiang , Jinrang Jia , Yifeng Shi , Runsheng Xu , Si Liu

The use of smart roadside infrastructure sensors is highly relevant for future applications of connected and automated vehicles. External sensor technology in the form of intelligent transportation system stations (ITS-Ss) can provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Laurent Kloeker , Chenghua Liu , Chao Wei , Lutz Eckstein

Automated Driving (AD) systems have the potential to increase safety, comfort and energy efficiency. Recently, major automotive companies have started testing and validating AD systems (ADS) on public roads. Nevertheless, the commercial…

In this paper, we present an empirical study introducing a nuanced evaluation framework for text-to-image (T2I) generative models, applied to human image synthesis. Our framework categorizes evaluations into two distinct groups: first,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Muxi Chen , Yi Liu , Jian Yi , Changran Xu , Qiuxia Lai , Hongliang Wang , Tsung-Yi Ho , Qiang Xu

Automated Driving Systems (ADS) have made great achievements in recent years thanks to the efforts from both academia and industry. A typical ADS is composed of multiple modules, including sensing, perception, planning, and control, which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Shuncheng Tang , Zhenya Zhang , Yi Zhang , Jixiang Zhou , Yan Guo , Shuang Liu , Shengjian Guo , Yan-Fu Li , Lei Ma , Yinxing Xue , Yang Liu

With growing complexity and responsibility of automated driving functions in road traffic and growing scope of their operational design domains, there is increasing demand for covering significant parts of development, validation, and…