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Due to their architecture and vast pre-training data, large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong text classification performance. However, LLM output - here, the category assigned to a text - depends heavily on the wording of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kylie L. Anglin , Stephanie Milan , Brittney Hernandez , Claudia Ventura

Conventional commits provide a structured format for writing commit messages, which improves readability, software maintenance, and enables automation tools such as changelog generators and semantic versioning systems. Existing approaches…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 H. M. Sazzad Quadir , Sakib Al Hasan , Md. Nurul Ahad Tawhid

We provide a systematic understanding of the impact of specific components and wordings used in prompts on the effectiveness of rankers based on zero-shot Large Language Models (LLMs). Several zero-shot ranking methods based on LLMs have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Shuoqi Sun , Shengyao Zhuang , Shuai Wang , Guido Zuccon

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in multilingual machine translation, sometimes even outperforming traditional neural systems. However, previous research has highlighted the challenges of using LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Samuel Frontull , Thomas Ströhle

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in a wide range of natural language processing tasks and can be adapted through prompting. However, they remain suboptimal in multi-turn interactions, often relying on incorrect…

Recently, Large language models (LLMs) with in-context learning have demonstrated remarkable potential in handling neural machine translation. However, existing evidence shows that LLMs are prompt-sensitive and it is sub-optimal to apply…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Lei Tang , Jinghui Qin , Wenxuan Ye , Hao Tan , Zhijing Yang

Recent developments in text classification using Large Language Models (LLMs) in the social sciences suggest that costs can be cut significantly, while performance can sometimes rival existing computational methods. However, with a wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Erkan Gunes , Christoffer Florczak , Tevfik Murat Yildirim

Product search is a crucial component of modern e-commerce platforms, with billions of user queries every day. In product search systems, first-stage retrieval should achieve high recall while ensuring efficient online deployment. Sparse…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Hongru Song , Yu-an Liu , Ruqing Zhang , Jiafeng Guo , Maarten de Rijke , Sen Li , Wenjun Peng , Fuyu Lv , Xueqi Cheng

Literature reviews are an essential component of scientific research, but they remain time-intensive and challenging to write, especially due to the recent influx of research papers. This paper explores the zero-shot abilities of recent…

Prompting language models (LMs) with training examples and task descriptions has been seen as critical to recent successes in few-shot learning. In this work, we show that finetuning LMs in the few-shot setting can considerably reduce the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Robert L. Logan , Ivana Balažević , Eric Wallace , Fabio Petroni , Sameer Singh , Sebastian Riedel

Relevance evaluation of a query and a passage is essential in Information Retrieval (IR). Recently, numerous studies have been conducted on tasks related to relevance judgment using Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4, demonstrating…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Jaekeol Choi

Relevance modeling is a critical component for enhancing user experience in search engines, with the primary objective of identifying items that align with users' queries. Traditional models only rely on the semantic congruence between…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zeyuan Chen , Haiyan Wu , Kaixin Wu , Wei Chen , Mingjie Zhong , Jia Xu , Zhongyi Liu , Wei Zhang

Few-shot prompting is a surprisingly powerful way to use Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve various tasks. However, this approach struggles as the task complexity increases or when the individual reasoning steps of the task themselves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Tushar Khot , Harsh Trivedi , Matthew Finlayson , Yao Fu , Kyle Richardson , Peter Clark , Ashish Sabharwal

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), generating rule-based data for real-world applications has become more accessible. Due to the inherent ambiguity of natural language and the complexity of rule sets, especially in long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Teng Wang , Zhenqi He , Wing-Yin Yu , Xiaojin Fu , Xiongwei Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to enhance the effectiveness of enriching item descriptions, thereby improving the accuracy of recommendation systems. However, most existing approaches either rely on text-only prompting or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hanjia Lyu , Ryan Rossi , Xiang Chen , Md Mehrab Tanjim , Stefano Petrangeli , Somdeb Sarkhel , Jiebo Luo

This study presents a comprehensive reproducibility and extension analysis of the Setwise prompting methodology for zero-shot ranking with Large Language Models (LLMs), as proposed by Zhuang et al. We evaluate its effectiveness and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Jakub Podolak , Leon Peric , Mina Janicijevic , Roxana Petcu

Large language models (LLMs) have recently been shown to deliver impressive performance in various NLP tasks. To tackle multi-step reasoning tasks, few-shot chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting includes a few manually crafted step-by-step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Lei Wang , Wanyu Xu , Yihuai Lan , Zhiqiang Hu , Yunshi Lan , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Ee-Peng Lim

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have exhibited significant progress in language understanding and generation. By leveraging textual features, customized LLMs are also applied for recommendation and demonstrate improvements across…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zhenrui Yue , Sara Rabhi , Gabriel de Souza Pereira Moreira , Dong Wang , Even Oldridge

The remarkable performance of pre-trained large language models has revolutionised various natural language processing applications. Due to huge parametersizes and extensive running costs, companies or organisations tend to transfer the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jiazheng Li , Runcong Zhao , Yongxin Yang , Yulan He , Lin Gui

Large Language Models (LLMs) can aid synthesis planning in chemistry, but standard prompting methods often yield hallucinated or outdated suggestions. We study LLM interactions with a reaction knowledge graph by casting reaction path…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Olga Bunkova , Lorenzo Di Fruscia , Sophia Rupprecht , Artur M. Schweidtmann , Marcel J. T. Reinders , Jana M. Weber