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RowHammer is a major read disturbance mechanism in DRAM where repeatedly accessing (hammering) a row of DRAM cells (DRAM row) induces bitflips in other physically nearby DRAM rows. RowHammer solutions perform preventive actions (e.g.,…

Rowhammer is a security vulnerability that allows unauthorized attackers to induce errors within DRAM cells. To prevent fault injections from escalating to successful attacks, a widely accepted mitigation is implementing fault checks on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Kemal Derya , M. Caner Tol , Berk Sunar

RowHammer attacks are a growing security and reliability concern for DRAMs and computer systems as they can induce many bit errors that overwhelm error detection and correction capabilities. System-level solutions are needed as process…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Steven C. Woo , Wendy Elsasser , Mike Hamburg , Eric Linstadt , Michael R. Miller , Taeksang Song , James Tringali

With deep learning deployed in many security-sensitive areas, machine learning security is becoming progressively important. Recent studies demonstrate attackers can exploit system-level techniques exploiting the RowHammer vulnerability of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Ranyang Zhou , Sabbir Ahmed , Adnan Siraj Rakin , Shaahin Angizi

The RowHammer vulnerability in DRAM is a critical threat to system security. To protect against RowHammer, vendors commit to security-through-obscurity: modern DRAM chips rely on undocumented, proprietary, on-die mitigations, commonly known…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Hasan Hassan , Yahya Can Tugrul , Jeremie S. Kim , Victor van der Veen , Kaveh Razavi , Onur Mutlu

Modern DRAM is vulnerable to read disturbance (e.g., RowHammer and RowPress) that significantly undermines the robust operation of the system. Repeatedly opening and closing a DRAM row (RowHammer) or keeping a DRAM row open for a long…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Haocong Luo , İsmail Emir Yüksel , Ataberk Olgun , A. Giray Yağlıkçı , Onur Mutlu

Rowhammer is a read disturbance vulnerability in modern DRAM that causes bit-flips, compromising security and reliability. While extensively studied on Intel and AMD CPUs with DDR and LPDDR memories, its impact on GPUs using GDDR memories,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Chris S. Lin , Joyce Qu , Gururaj Saileshwar

Inter-VM RowHammer is an attack that induces a bitflip beyond the boundaries of virtual machines (VMs) to compromise a VM from another, and some software-based techniques have been proposed to mitigate this attack. Evaluating these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hidemasa Kawasaki , Soramichi Akiyama

Rowhammer is a critical vulnerability in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) that continues to pose a significant threat to various systems. However, we find that conventional load-based attacks are becoming highly ineffective on the most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Weijie Chen , Shan Tang , Yulin Tang , Xiapu Luo , Yinqian Zhang , Weizhong Qiang

The Rowhammer vulnerability poses an increasing challenge with newer generations of DRAM and aggressive technology scaling. Existing mitigation techniques, such as Graphene, Twice, and Hydra, primarily rely on tracking activation counts for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Lavi Jain , Venkata Kalyan Tavva

Rowhammer has drawn much attention from both academia and industry in the past years as rowhammer exploitation poses severe consequences to system security. Since the first comprehensive study of rowhammer in 2014, a number of rowhammer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Zhi Zhang , Decheng Chen , Jiahao Qi , Yueqiang Cheng , Shijie Jiang , Yiyang Lin , Yansong Gao , Surya Nepal , Yi Zou , Jiliang Zhang , Yang Xiang

Rowhammer is a serious security problem of contemporary dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) where reads or writes of bits can flip other bits. DRAM manufacturers add mitigations, but don't disclose details, making it difficult for customers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Amir Naseredini , Martin Berger , Matteo Sammartino , Shale Xiong

Today's systems have diverse needs that are difficult to address using one-size-fits-all commodity DRAM. Unfortunately, although system designers can theoretically adapt commodity DRAM chips to meet their particular design goals (e.g., by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Minesh Patel , Taha Shahroodi , Aditya Manglik , A. Giray Yaglikci , Ataberk Olgun , Haocong Luo , Onur Mutlu

The demand for accurate information about the internal structure and characteristics of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) has been on the rise. Recent studies have explored the structure and characteristics of DRAM to improve processing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Hwayong Nam , Seungmin Baek , Minbok Wi , Michael Jaemin Kim , Jaehyun Park , Chihun Song , Nam Sung Kim , Jung Ho Ahn

DRAM read disturbance can break memory isolation, a fundamental property to ensure system robustness (i.e., reliability, security, safety). RowHammer and RowPress are two different DRAM read disturbance phenomena. RowHammer induces bitflips…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Haocong Luo , Ismail Emir Yüksel , Ataberk Olgun , A. Giray Yağlıkçı , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Onur Mutlu

Variation has been shown to exist across the cells within a modern DRAM chip. We empirically demonstrate a new form of variation that exists within a real DRAM chip, induced by the design and placement of different components in the DRAM…

Recent advancements in side-channel attacks have revealed the vulnerability of modern Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to malicious adversarial weight attacks. The well-studied RowHammer attack has effectively compromised DNN performance by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Ranyang Zhou , Jacqueline T. Liu , Sabbir Ahmed , Shaahin Angizi , Adnan Siraj Rakin

Memory isolation is a critical property for system reliability, security, and safety. We demonstrate RowPress, a DRAM read disturbance phenomenon different from the well-known RowHammer. RowPress induces bitflips by keeping a DRAM row open…

Rowhammer attacks have emerged as a significant threat to modern DRAM-based memory systems, leveraging frequent memory accesses to induce bit flips in adjacent memory cells. This work-in-progress paper presents an adaptive, many-sided…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Antoine Plin , Frédéric Fauberteau , Nga Nguyen

To understand and improve DRAM performance, reliability, security and energy efficiency, prior works study characteristics of commodity DRAM chips. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art open source infrastructures capable of conducting such…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ataberk Olgun , Hasan Hassan , A. Giray Yağlıkçı , Yahya Can Tuğrul , Lois Orosa , Haocong Luo , Minesh Patel , Oğuz Ergin , Onur Mutlu