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Related papers: Optimal Treatment Allocation under Constraints

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Identifying who should be treated is a central question in economics. There are two competing approaches to targeting - paternalistic and autonomous. In the paternalistic approach, policymakers optimally target the policy given observable…

The number of new cancer cases is expected to increase by about 50% in the next 20 years, and the need for chemotherapy treatments will increase accordingly. Chemotherapy treatments are usually performed in outpatient cancer centers where…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-15 Giuliana Carello , Mauro Passacantando , Elena Tanfani

Individualized treatment rules aim to identify if, when, which, and to whom treatment should be applied. A globally aging population, rising healthcare costs, and increased access to patient-level data have created an urgent need for…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-01-04 Ying-Qi Zhao , Eric B. Laber , Yang Ning , Sumona Saha , Bruce Sands

The rise of machine learning has shifted targeted resource allocation in policy and humanitarian settings toward algorithmic targeting based on predicted risk scores. This approach is typically cheaper and faster than traditional screening…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Santiago Cortes-Gomez , Mateo Dulce Rubio , Carlos Patino , Bryan Wilder

This paper focuses on developing Pareto-optimal estimation and policy learning to identify the most effective treatment that maximizes the total reward from both short-term and long-term effects, which might conflict with each other. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Yingrong Wang , Anpeng Wu , Haoxuan Li , Weiming Liu , Qiaowei Miao , Ruoxuan Xiong , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

Personalized decision-making, aiming to derive optimal treatment regimes based on individual characteristics, has recently attracted increasing attention in many fields, such as medicine, social services, and economics. Current literature…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-28 Jianing Chu , Wenbin Lu , Shu Yang

There is increasing interest in allocating treatments based on observed individual characteristics: examples include targeted marketing, individualized credit offers, and heterogeneous pricing. Treatment personalization introduces…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-04-06 Evan Munro

We propose a simple approach to optimally select the number of control units in k nearest neighbors (kNN) algorithm focusing in minimizing the mean squared error for the average treatment effects. Our approach is non-parametric where…

Hierarchical random effect models are used for different purposes in clinical research and other areas. In general, the main focus is on population parameters related to the expected treatment effects or group differences among all units of…

Applications · Statistics 2021-04-07 Maryna Prus , Norbert Benda , Rainer Schwabe

We consider the problem of how to assign treatment in a randomized experiment, in which the correlation among the outcomes is informed by a network available pre-intervention. Working within the potential outcome causal framework, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-19 Guillaume W. Basse , Edoardo M. Airoldi

In many applications such as rationing medical care and supplies, university admissions, and the assignment of public housing, the decision of who receives an allocation can be justified by various normative criteria. Such settings have…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Siddhartha Banerjee , Matthew Eichhorn , David Kempe

With the advancement in drug development, multiple treatments are available for a single disease. Patients can often benefit from taking multiple treatments simultaneously. For example, patients in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)…

Applications · Statistics 2018-04-17 Muxuan Liang , Ye Ting , Haoda Fu

This note describes the optimal policy rule, according to the local asymptotic minimax regret criterion, for best arm identification when there are only two treatments. It is shown that the optimal sampling rule is the Neyman allocation,…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-08-29 Karun Adusumilli

In both the fields of computer science and medicine there is very strong interest in developing personalized treatment policies for patients who have variable responses to treatments. In particular, I aim to find an optimal personalized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-07-01 Yousuf M. Soliman

We study variants of the Optimal Refugee Resettlement problem where a set $F$ of refugee families need to be allocated to a set $L$ of possible places of resettlement in a feasible and optimal way. Feasibility issues emerge from the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Jiehua Chen , Ildikó Schlotter , Sofia Simola

How someone allocates their time is important to their health and well-being. In this paper, we show how evolutionary algorithms can be used to promote health and well-being by optimizing time usage. Based on data from a large…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Yue Xie , Aneta Neumann , Ty Stanford , Charlotte Lund Rasmussen , Dorothea Dumuid , Frank Neumann

Optimizing the allocation of units into treatment groups can help researchers improve the precision of causal estimators and decrease costs when running factorial experiments. However, existing optimal allocation results typically assume a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-31 Arun Ravichandran , Nicole E. Pashley , Brian Libgober , Tirthankar Dasgupta

In many areas, practitioners seek to use observational data to learn a treatment assignment policy that satisfies application-specific constraints, such as budget, fairness, simplicity, or other functional form constraints. For example,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-08 Susan Athey , Stefan Wager

Estimation and evaluation of individualized treatment rules have been studied extensively, but real-world treatment resource constraints have received limited attention in existing methods. We investigate a setting in which treatment is…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-24 Hongxiang Qiu , Marco Carone , Alex Luedtke

Consider a setting in which a policy maker assigns subjects to treatments, observing each outcome before the next subject arrives. Initially, it is unknown which treatment is best, but the sequential nature of the problem permits learning…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-08-13 Anders Bredahl Kock , David Preinerstorfer , Bezirgen Veliyev