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Machine Translation (MT) has been widely used for cross-lingual classification, either by translating the test set into English and running inference with a monolingual model (translate-test), or translating the training set into the target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Mikel Artetxe , Vedanuj Goswami , Shruti Bhosale , Angela Fan , Luke Zettlemoyer

Multiple-choice (MC) tests are an efficient method to assess English learners. It is useful for test creators to rank candidate MC questions by difficulty during exam curation. Typically, the difficulty is determined by having human test…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Vatsal Raina , Mark Gales

This paper provides a thorough examination of recent developments in the field of multi-choice Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC). Focused on benchmark datasets, methodologies, challenges, and future trajectories, our goal is to offer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Shima Foolad , Kourosh Kiani , Razieh Rastgoo

Transfer reinforcement learning (RL) methods leverage on the experience collected on a set of source tasks to speed-up RL algorithms. A simple and effective approach is to transfer samples from source tasks and include them into the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-09-02 Alessandro Lazaric , Marcello Restelli

Transfer learning aims to faciliate learning tasks in a label-scarce target domain by leveraging knowledge from a related source domain with plenty of labeled data. Often times we may have multiple domains with little or no labeled data as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Tianchun Wang

Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) models tend to take advantage of spurious correlations (also known as dataset bias or annotation artifacts in the research community). Consequently, these models may perform the MRC task without fully…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Son Quoc Tran , Matt Kretchmar

Reading comprehension is a challenging task in natural language processing and requires a set of skills to be solved. While current approaches focus on solving the task as a whole, in this paper, we propose to use a neural network `skill'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Todor Mihaylov , Zornitsa Kozareva , Anette Frank

Multi-hop Reading Comprehension (RC) requires reasoning and aggregation across several paragraphs. We propose a system for multi-hop RC that decomposes a compositional question into simpler sub-questions that can be answered by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Sewon Min , Victor Zhong , Luke Zettlemoyer , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Answer validation in machine reading comprehension (MRC) consists of verifying an extracted answer against an input context and question pair. Previous work has looked at re-assessing the "answerability" of the question given the extracted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Revanth Gangi Reddy , Md Arafat Sultan , Efsun Sarioglu Kayi , Rong Zhang , Vittorio Castelli , Avirup Sil

Conversational context understanding aims to recognize the real intention of user from the conversation history, which is critical for building the dialogue system. However, the multi-turn conversation understanding in open domain is still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Shuangyong Song , Chao Wang , Qianqian Xie , Xinxing Zu , Huan Chen , Haiqing Chen

Multi-choice reading comprehension is a challenging task to select an answer from a set of candidate options when given passage and question. Previous approaches usually only calculate question-aware passage representation and ignore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Shuailiang Zhang , Hai Zhao , Yuwei Wu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Xi Zhou , Xiang Zhou

Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) reveals the ability to understand a given text passage and answer questions based on it. Existing research works in MRC rely heavily on large-size models and corpus to improve the performance evaluated by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Xiaoqiang Wang , Bang Liu , Fangli Xu , Bo Long , Siliang Tang , Lingfei Wu

To provide a survey on the existing tasks and models in Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC), this report reviews: 1) the dataset collection and performance evaluation of some representative simple-reasoning and complex-reasoning MRC tasks;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Chao Wang

In open-retrieval conversational machine reading (OR-CMR) task, machines are required to do multi-turn question answering given dialogue history and a textual knowledge base. Existing works generally utilize two independent modules to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Sizhe Zhou , Siru Ouyang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

Statistical analysis of network data has attracted considerable attention in recent years, due to the rapid advancement of well-trained network models and the accessibility of large public network datasets. In this article, we propose a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-22 Yong He , Kangxiang Qin , Haoran Tang

Generative machine reading comprehension (MRC) requires a model to generate well-formed answers. For this type of MRC, answer generation method is crucial to the model performance. However, generative models, which are supposed to be the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Junjie Yang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

We study the problem of incorporating prior knowledge into a deep Transformer-based model,i.e.,Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), to enhance its performance on semantic textual matching tasks. By probing and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Tingyu Xia , Yue Wang , Yuan Tian , Yi Chang

Given a question, a language model (LM) implicitly encodes a distribution over possible answers. In practice, post-training procedures for LMs often collapse this distribution onto a single dominant mode. While this is generally not a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Isha Puri , Mehul Damani , Idan Shenfeld , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Jacob Andreas , Yoon Kim

We present Pre-trained Machine Reader (PMR), a novel method for retrofitting pre-trained masked language models (MLMs) to pre-trained machine reading comprehension (MRC) models without acquiring labeled data. PMR can resolve the discrepancy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Weiwen Xu , Xin Li , Wenxuan Zhang , Meng Zhou , Wai Lam , Luo Si , Lidong Bing

Multi-choice Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) is a major and challenging task for machines to answer questions according to provided options. Answers in multi-choice MRC cannot be directly extracted in the given passages, and essentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Yilin Zhao , Hai Zhao , Sufeng Duan