Related papers: Quantum resistant multi-signature scheme with opti…
A smart contract is a digital program of transaction protocol (rules of contract) based on the consensus architecture of blockchain. Smart contracts with Blockchain are modern technologies that have gained enormous attention in scientific…
Blockchains rely on a consensus among participants to achieve decentralization and security. However, reaching consensus in an online, digital world where identities are not tied to physical users is a challenging problem. Proof-of-work…
Digital signatures are fundamental building blocks in various protocols to provide integrity and authenticity. The development of the quantum computing has raised concerns about the security guarantees afforded by classical signature…
Quantum digital signatures (QDSs) promise information-theoretic security against repudiation and forgery of messages. Compared with currently existing three-party QDS protocols, multiparty protocols have unique advantages in the practical…
The advent of quantum computing threatens the security of traditional encryption algorithms, motivating the development of post-quantum cryptography (PQC). In 2024, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standardized…
Sharding is essential for improving blockchain scalability. Existing protocols overlook diverse adversarial attacks, limiting transaction throughput. This paper presents Reticulum, a groundbreaking sharding protocol addressing this issue,…
This article considered deficiencies of the flourishing blockchain technology manifested by the development of quantum computation. We show that the future blockchain technology would under constant threats from the following aspects: 1)…
Guaranteeing nonrepudiation, unforgeability as well as transferability of a signature is one of the most vital safeguards in today's e-commerce era. Based on fundamental laws of quantum physics, quantum digital signature (QDS) aims to…
E-commerce, a type of trading that occurs at a high frequency on the Internet, requires guaranteeing the integrity, authentication and non-repudiation of messages through long distance. As current e-commerce schemes are vulnerable to…
Cryptography underpins the security of modern digital infrastructure, from cloud services to health data. However, many widely deployed systems will become vulnerable after the advent of scalable quantum computing. Although quantum-safe…
Blockchain systems and smart contracts provide ways to securely implement multi-party transactions without the use of trusted intermediaries, which currently underpin many commercial transactions. However, they do so by transferring trust…
Since the security of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms is based on the hardness of mathematical problems, while the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on the fundamental principles of quantum physics, each approach…
Cryptography promises four information security objectives, namely, confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation, to support trillions of transactions annually in the digital economy. Efficient digital signatures, ensuring…
Since the creation of Bitcoin in 2009 we have seen a great push towards public and private blockchains. In order to avoid fragmentation, a global network connecting all these blockchains is envisioned. Just like the Internet facilitates…
There is an ongoing competition among blockchain technologies and the existence of one ultimate blockchain is impossible for many reasons. On the other hand, such variety can create difficulties in adoption, especially for the governments…
Deployment of optical network infrastructure and network services is growing exponentially for beyond 5G networks. Since the uptake of e-commerce and e-services has seen unprecedented serge in recent months due to the global COVID-19…
Public blockchain systems offer security guarantees that cannot be matched by any centralised system. This offering has attracted a lot of interest and has exposed a significant limitation of most blockchain designs with regards to…
Since its proposal by Eyal and Sirer (CACM '13), selfish mining attack on proof-of-work blockchains has been studied extensively in terms of both improving its impact and defending against it. Before any defense is deployed in a real world…
Bitcoin is the first fully-decentralized permissionless blockchain protocol to achieve a high level of security, but at the expense of poor throughput and latency. Scaling the performance of Bitcoin has a been a major recent direction of…
The digital currency Bitcoin has had remarkable growth since it was first proposed in 2008. Its distributed nature allows currency transactions without a central authority by using cryptographic methods and a data structure called the…