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We examine behavioral axioms in decision theory that are satisfied approximately rather than exactly. We demonstrate that in key domains -- decisions under risk, uncertainty, and intertemporal choice -- behavior that \emph{almost} satisfies…
The problem of demand inversion - a crucial step in the estimation of random utility discrete-choice models - is equivalent to the determination of stable outcomes in two-sided matching models. This equivalence applies to random utility…
We study properties of popular near-uniform (Dirichlet) priors for learning undersampled probability distributions on discrete nonmetric spaces and show that they lead to disastrous results. However, an Occam-style phase space argument…
Inertia and context-dependent choice effects are well-studied classes of behavioural phenomena. While much is known about these effects in isolation, little is known about whether one of them "dominates" the other when both can potentially…
We propose a model of incomplete \textit{twofold multiprior preferences}, in which an act $f$ is ranked above an act $g$ only when $f$ provides higher utility in a worst-case scenario than what $g$ provides in a best-case scenario. The…
Most people are risk-averse (risk-seeking) when they expect to gain (lose). Based on a generalization of ``expected utility theory'' which takes this into account, we introduce an automaton mimicking the dynamics of economic operations.…
It is common in instrumental variable studies for instrument values to be missing, for example when the instrument is a genetic test in Mendelian randomization studies. In this paper we discuss two apparent paradoxes that arise in so-called…
This paper formulates an utility indifference pricing model for investors trading in a discrete time financial market under non-dominated model uncertainty. The investors preferences are described by strictly increasing concave random…
In observational studies, adjusting for confounders is required if a treatment comparison is planned. A crude comparison of the primary endpoint without covariate adjustment will suffer from biases, and the addition of regression models…
The original Deffuant model consists of a finite number of agents whose opinion is a number in $[0,1]$. Two socially connected agents are uniformly randomly selected at each time step and approach each other at a rate $\mu\in [0,1/2]$ if…
We show that diagrammatic sets, a topologically sound alternative to polygraphs and strict $\omega$-categories, admit an internal notion of equivalence in the sense of coinductive weak invertibility. We prove that equivalences have the…
In 1931 de Finetti proved what is known as his Dutch Book Theorem. This result implies that the finite additivity {\it axiom} for the probability of the disjunction of two incompatible events becomes a {\it consequence} of de Finetti's…
We relate Reiner, Tenner, and Yong's coincidental down-degree expectations (CDE) property of posets to the minuscule doppelg\"{a}nger pairs studied by Hamaker, Patrias, Pechenik, and Williams. Via this relation, we put forward a series of…
We first establish a sharp relation between the order of vanishing of a Dirichlet eigenfunction at a point and the leading term of the asymptotic expansion of the Dirichlet eigenvalue variation, as a removed compact set concentrates at that…
Variational weak-coupling perturbation theory yields converging approximations, uniformly in the coupling strength. This allows us to calculate directly the coefficients of `strong-coupling' expansions. For the anharmonic oscillator we…
The binary relation framework has been shown to be applicable to many real-life preference handling scenarios. Here we study preference contraction: the problem of discarding selected preferences. We argue that the property of minimality…
Let a countable amenable group $G$ act on a \zd\ compact metric space $X$. For two clopen subsets $\mathsf A$ and $\mathsf B$ of $X$ we say that $\mathsf A$ is \emph{subequivalent} to $\mathsf B$ (we write $\mathsf A\preccurlyeq \mathsf…
We axiomatize the Choquet rank-dependent utility model within a Savage framework with an exogenous source of pure risk. This model is a decision model under ambiguity, serving as a conceptual generalization of the Choquet expected utility…
The paper studies the relationship between diffraction and dynamics for uniformly discrete ergodic point processes in real spaces. This relationship takes the form of an isometric embedding of two L^2 spaces. Diffraction (or equivalently…
We study the dynamics of pairs of connected masses in the plane, when nonholonomic (knife-edge) constraints are realized by forces of viscous friction, in particular its relation to constrained dynamics, and its approximation by the method…