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The success of deep learning in the past decade is partially shrouded in the shadow of adversarial attacks. In contrast, the brain is far more robust at complex cognitive tasks. Utilizing the advantage that neurons in the brain communicate…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-12 Jianhao Ding , Zhaofei Yu , Tiejun Huang , Jian K. Liu

The tremendous energy consumption of deep neural networks (DNNs) has become a serious problem in deep learning. Spiking neural networks (SNNs), which mimic the operations in the human brain, have been studied as prominent energy-efficient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Seongsik Park , Sungroh Yoon

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have shown great potential in solving deep learning problems in an energy-efficient manner. However, they are still limited to simple classification tasks. In this paper, we propose Spiking-GAN, the first…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Vineet Kotariya , Udayan Ganguly

The spiking neural network, known as the third generation neural network, is an important network paradigm. Due to its mode of information propagation that follows biological rationality, the spiking neural network has strong energy…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zihan Dai , Huanfei Ma

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), with their event-driven and biologically inspired operation, are well-suited for energy-efficient neuromorphic hardware. Neural coding, critical to SNNs, determines how information is represented via spikes.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Kaiwei Che , Wei Fang , Zhengyu Ma , Yifan Huang , Peng Xue , Li Yuan , Timothée Masquelier , Yonghong Tian

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising in a bio-plausible coding for spatio-temporal information and event-driven signal processing, which is very suited for energy-efficient implementation in neuromorphic hardware. However, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Hanle Zheng , Yujie Wu , Lei Deng , Yifan Hu , Guoqi Li

Neuromorphic computing has recently gained momentum with the emergence of various neuromorphic processors. As the field advances, there is an increasing focus on developing training methods that can effectively leverage the unique…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Sanaz Mahmoodi Takaghaj , Jack Sampson

The highly irregular spiking activity of cortical neurons and behavioral variability suggest that the brain could operate in a fundamentally probabilistic way. Mimicking how the brain implements and learns probabilistic computation could be…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Yang Qi , Zhichao Zhu , Yiming Wei , Lu Cao , Zhigang Wang , Jie Zhang , Wenlian Lu , Jianfeng Feng

We propose a novel backpropagation algorithm for training spiking neural networks (SNNs) that encodes information in the relative multiple spike timing of individual neurons without single-spike restrictions. The proposed algorithm inherits…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kakei Yamamoto , Yusuke Sakemi , Kazuyuki Aihara

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), inspired by the spiking behavior of biological neurons, offer a distinctive approach for capturing the complexities of temporal data. However, their potential for spatial modeling in multivariate time-series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Bang Hu , Changze Lv , Mingjie Li , Yunpeng Liu , Xiaoqing Zheng , Fengzhe Zhang , Wei cao , Fan Zhang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a promising direction in both computational neuroscience and artificial intelligence, offering advantages such as strong biological plausibility and low energy consumption on neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Luu Trong Nhan , Luu Trung Duong , Pham Ngoc Nam , Truong Cong Thang

Spiking neural networks, also often referred to as the third generation of neural networks, carry the potential for a massive reduction in memory and energy consumption over traditional, second-generation neural networks. Inspired by the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Alexander Henkes , Jason K. Eshraghian , Henning Wessels

The efficiency of modern machine intelligence depends on high accuracy with minimal computational cost. In spiking neural networks (SNNs), synaptic delays are crucial for encoding temporal structure, yet existing models treat them as fully…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Lennart P. L. Landsmeer , Amirreza Movahedin , Mario Negrello , Said Hamdioui , Christos Strydis

In this work, we propose stochastic Binary Spiking Neural Network (sBSNN) composed of stochastic spiking neurons and binary synapses (stochastic only during training) that computes probabilistically with one-bit precision for…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Minsuk Koo , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan , Yong Shim , Kaushik Roy

A Spiking Neural Network (SNN) can be trained indirectly by first training an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with the conventional backpropagation algorithm, then converting it into an SNN. The conventional rate-coding method for SNNs uses…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Ming Zhang , Nenggan Zheng , De Ma , Gang Pan , Zonghua Gu

Inspired by more detailed modeling of biological neurons, Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have been investigated both as more biologically plausible and potentially more powerful models of neural computation, and also with the aim of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Bojian Yin , Federico Corradi , Sander M. Bohte

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are biologically inspired machine learning models that build on dynamic neuronal models processing binary and sparse spiking signals in an event-driven, online, fashion. SNNs can be implemented on neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Hyeryung Jang , Nicolas Skatchkovsky , Osvaldo Simeone

By exploiting discrete signal processing and simulating brain neuron communication, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a low-energy alternative to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). However, existing SNN models, still face high…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Wenxuan Pan , Feifei Zhao , Bing Han , Haibo Tong , Yi Zeng

Machine learning with artificial neural networks (ANNs), provides solutions for the growing complexity of modern communication systems. This complexity, however, increases power consumption, making the systems energy-intensive. Spiking…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Eike-Manuel Edelmann

The timing of individual neuronal spikes is essential for biological brains to make fast responses to sensory stimuli. However, conventional artificial neural networks lack the intrinsic temporal coding ability present in biological…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Iulia M. Comsa , Krzysztof Potempa , Luca Versari , Thomas Fischbacher , Andrea Gesmundo , Jyrki Alakuijala