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Quantum low-density parity-check codes reduce quantum error correction overhead but require dense, long-range connectivity that challenges hardware implementation, particularly for superconducting processors. We address this problem by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Guangqi Zhao , Fei Yan , Xiaotong Ni

Quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC) codes are among the leading candidates to realize error-corrected quantum memories with low qubit overhead. Potentially high encoding rates and large distance relative to their block size make them…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Josias Old , Juval Bechar , Markus Müller , Sascha Heußen

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes offer a promising route to scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation, but their performance under iterative decoding is strongly influenced by short-cycle structure and other harmful…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Anthony Gómez-Fonseca , Gretchen L. Matthews , Kirsten D. Morris , Tefjol Pllaha

Quantum low density parity check (qLDPC) codes are an attractive alternative to the surface code due to their relatively high code rate and distance. However, unlike the surface code which has simple, geometrically local, stabilizer checks,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Omprakash Chandra , Gopikrishnan Muraleedharan , Gavin K. Brennen

Quantum error correction codes with non-local connections such as quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) incur lower overhead and outperform surface codes on large-scale devices. These codes are not applicable on current superconducting…

Geometrically local quantum codes, comprised of qubits and checks embedded in $\mathbb{R}^D$ with local check operators, have been a subject of significant interest. A key challenge is identifying the optimal code construction that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-06 Xingjian Li , Ting-Chun Lin , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

In pursuit of large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation, quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been established as promising candidates for low-overhead memory when compared to conventional approaches based on surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Zhiyang He , Alexander Cowtan , Dominic J. Williamson , Theodore J. Yoder

Quantum low-density parity-check codes are a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computing with considerably reduced overhead compared to the surface code. However, the lack of a practical decoding algorithm remains a barrier to…

Recent developments have shown the existence of quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC) codes with constant rate and linear distance. A natural question concerns the efficient decodability of these codes. In this paper, we present a linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Shouzhen Gu , Christopher A. Pattison , Eugene Tang

Hypergraph product (HGP) codes are one of the most popular family of quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Circuit-level simulations show that they can achieve the same logical error rate as surface codes with a reduced qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Arda Aydin , Nicolas Delfosse , Edwin Tham

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes offer a promising path to low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computation but lack systematic strategies for exploration. In this Letter, we establish a topological framework for studying the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Keyang Chen , Yuanting Liu , Yiming Zhang , Zijian Liang , Yu-An Chen , Ke Liu , Hao Song

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes are among the most promising candidates for future quantum error correction schemes. However, a limited number of short to moderate-length QLDPC codes have been designed and their decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Sisi Miao , Jonathan Mandelbaum , Holger Jäkel , Laurent Schmalen

Quantum error correction is an indispensable ingredient for scalable quantum computing. In this Perspective we discuss a particular class of quantum codes called low-density parity-check (LDPC) quantum codes. The codes we discuss are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-26 Nikolas P. Breuckmann , Jens Niklas Eberhardt

A major challenge in fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) is to reduce both space overhead -- the large number of physical qubits per logical qubit -- and time overhead -- the long physical gate sequences per logical gate. We prove…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-06 Shiro Tamiya , Masato Koashi , Hayata Yamasaki

Generalized low-density parity-check (GLDPC) codes, where single parity-check constraints on the code bits are replaced with generalized constraints (an arbitrary linear code), are a promising class of codes for low-latency communication.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Roxana Smarandache , David G. M. Mitchell , Anthony Gómez-Fonseca

We study approximate quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes, which are approximate quantum error-correcting codes specified as the ground space of a frustration-free local Hamiltonian, whose terms do not necessarily commute. Such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-13 Thomas C. Bohdanowicz , Elizabeth Crosson , Chinmay Nirkhe , Henry Yuen

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes provide a practical balance between error-correction capability and implementation complexity in quantum error correction (QEC). In this paper, we propose an algebraic construction based on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Alessio Baldelli , Massimo Battaglioni , Jonathan Mandelbaum , Sisi Miao , Laurent Schmalen

In this paper, we propose a new decoder, called the Multiple-Bases Belief-Propagation List Decoder (MBBP-LD), for Quantum Low-Density Parity-Check (QLDPC) codes. It extends the Multiple-Bases Belief-Propagation (MBBP) framework, originally…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Sheida Rabeti , Hessam Mahdavifar

Quantum error correction is critical to the design and manufacture of scalable quantum computing systems. Recently, there has been growing interest in quantum low-density parity-check codes as a resource-efficient alternative to surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Boren Gu , Andy Zeyi Liu , Armanda O. Quintavalle , Qian Xu , Jens Eisert , Joschka Roffe

Quantum code surgery is a flexible and low overhead technique for performing logical measurements on quantum error-correcting codes, which generalises lattice surgery. In this work, we present a code surgery scheme, applicable to any qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Alexander Cowtan , Zhiyang He , Dominic J. Williamson , Theodore J. Yoder