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In 3GPP New Radio (NR) Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), the new standard for next-generation vehicular networks, vehicles can autonomously select sidelink resources for data transmission, which permits network operations without cellular…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Alessandro Traspadini , Anay Ajit Deshpande , Marco Giordani , Chinmay Mahabal , Takayuki Shimizu , Michele Zorzi

Distributed resource allocation (RA) schemes have been introduced in cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) standard for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) sidelink (SL) communications to share the limited spectrum (sub-6GHz) efficiently. However,…

This paper is concerned with the key features and fundamental technology components for 5G New Radio (NR) for genuine realization of connected and cooperative autonomous driving. We discuss the major functionalities of physical layer,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Hamidreza Bagheri , Md Noor-A-Rahim , Zilong Liu , Haeyoung Lee , Dirk Pesch , Klaus Moessner , Pei Xiao

In the context of 5G, 3GPP introduced New Radio vehicle to everything (NR-V2X) for direct vehicle-to-vehicle communication. However, starting from Release 18 the focus of the standard has been expanded from vehicles to any device and use…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Vittorio Todisco , Alessandro Bazzi

In recent years, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication opens an ample amount of opportunities to increase the safety of drivers and passengers and improve traffic efficiency which enables direct communication between vehicles. The Third…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-27 Donglin Wang , Pranav Balasaheb Mohite , Qiuheng Zhou , Anjie Qiu , Hans D. Schotten

The fifth generation (5G) mobile networks with enhanced connectivity and positioning capabilities play an increasingly important role in the development of automated vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and other advanced industrial Internet of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-04 Yi Lu , Mike Koivisto , Jukka Talvitie , Elizaveta Rastorgueva-Foi , Toni Levanen , Elena Simona Lohan , Mikko Valkama

5G NR sidelink communication enables new possibilities for direct device-to-device interactions, supporting applications from vehicle-to-everything (V2X) systems to public safety, industrial automation, and drone networks. However, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Evangelos Bitsikas , Aanjhan Ranganathan

This paper presents OpenCV2X, the first publicly available, open-source simulation model of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 14 Cellular Vehicle to Everything (C-V2X) sidelink, which forms the basis for 5G NR Mode 2…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Brian McCarthy , Andres Burbano-Abril , Victor Rangel Licea , Aisling O'Driscoll

Timeliness of information is critical for Basic Safety Messages (BSMs) in Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication to enable highly reliable autonomous driving. However, the current semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) algorithms in the 5th…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-20 Ran Wei , Lyutianyang Zhang

5G New Radio (NR) Sidelink (SL) Mode 2 has enabled decentralized, infrastructure-less direct communications which is evolving to serve reliability-critical services in 6G SL. Particularly, the channel access in NR SL Mode 2 relies on the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Liu Cao , Zhaoyu Liu , Lyutianyang Zhang

5G has been designed to support applications such as connected and automated driving. To this aim, 5G includes a highly flexible New Radio (NR) interface that can be configured to utilize different subcarrier spacings (SCS), slot durations,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-02 M. C. Lucas-Estañ , B. Coll-Perales , T. Shimizu , J. Gozalvez , T. Higuchi , S. Avedisov , O. Altintas , M. Sepulcre

The packet throughput in 5th Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) is highly dependent on the Medium Access Control (MAC) based scheduling algorithm with no base station participation. In particular, the Semi-Persistent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-24 Ran Wei

The 5G mobile network brings several new features that can be applied to existing and new applications. High reliability, low latency, and high data rate are some of the features which fulfill the requirements of vehicular networks.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Mehdi Harounabadi , Dariush Mohammad Soleymani , Shubhangi Bhadauria , Martin Leyh , Elke Roth-Mandutz

Connected braking can reduce fatal collisions in connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) by using reliable, low-latency 5G New Radio (NR) links, especially NR Sidelink Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X). In rural areas, road side units are sparse…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Zhanle Zhao , Son Dinh-Van , Yuen Kwan Mo , Siddartha Khastgir , Matthew D. Higgins

In recent years, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has developed the new radio-vehicle-to-everything (NR-V2X) sidelink standard, to enable direct communication between connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). Users can…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Alessandro Bazzi , Vittorio Todisco , Antonella Molinaro , Antoine O. Berthet , Richard A. Stirling-Gallacher , Claudia Campolo

In the C-V2X sidelink Mode 4 communication, the sensing-based semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) implements a message collision avoidance algorithm to cope with the undesirable effects of wireless channel congestion. Still, the current…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Yongseok Jeon , Seungho Kuk , Hyogon Kim

The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has recently published its Release 16 that includes the first Vehicle to-Everything (V2X) standard based on the 5G New Radio (NR) air interface. 5G NR V2X introduces advanced functionalities…

The emerging road safety and autonomous vehicle applications require timely and reliable data delivery between vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. To satisfy this demand, 3GPP develops a 5G Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Dmitry Bankov , Artem Krasilov , Artem Otmakhov , Aleksei Shashin , Evgeny Khorov

Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) technology enables information exchange between vehicles and road infrastructure. Specifically, when a vehicle approaches a roadside unit (RSU), it can exchange information with the RSU to obtain accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xiao Xu , Qiong Wu , Pingyi Fan , Kezhi Wang

Industry 4.0 has brought to attention the need for a connected, flexible, and autonomous production environment. The New Radio (NR)-sidelink, which was introduced by the third-generation partnership project (3GPP) in Release 16, can be…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Shubhangi Bhadauria , Klea Plaku , Yash Deshpande , Wolfgang Kellerer
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