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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for robotic manipulation by leveraging pre-trained vision-language representations. However, current VLA training methods suffer from two critical limitations: poor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ruofan Jin , Zaixi Zhang

In robot learning, Vision Transformers (ViTs) are standard for visual perception, yet most methods discard valuable information by using only the final layer's features. We argue this provides an insufficient representation and propose the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Wenhao Li , Chengwei Ma , Weixin Mao

The robotics field is evolving towards data-driven, end-to-end learning, inspired by multimodal large models. However, reliance on expensive real-world data limits progress. Simulators offer cost-effective alternatives, but the gap between…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Hongwei Fan , Hang Dai , Jiyao Zhang , Jinzhou Li , Qiyang Yan , Yujie Zhao , Mingju Gao , Jinghang Wu , Hao Tang , Hao Dong

Humans inherently possess generalizable visual representations that empower them to efficiently explore and interact with the environments in manipulation tasks. We advocate that such a representation automatically arises from…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are evolving from passive observers into active agents, solving problems through Visual Expansion (invoking visual tools) and Knowledge Expansion (open-web search). However, existing evaluations fall…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Qianshan Wei , Yishan Yang , Siyi Wang , Jinglin Chen , Binyu Wang , Jiaming Wang , Shuang Chen , Zechen Li , Yang Shi , Yuqi Tang , Weining Wang , Yi Yu , Chaoyou Fu , Qi Li , Yi-Fan Zhang

Agentic artificial intelligence (AI) -- multi-agent systems that combine large language models with external tools and autonomous planning -- are rapidly transitioning from research laboratories into high-stakes domains. Our earlier "Basic"…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Manish Shukla

A robot's ability to act is fundamentally constrained by what it can perceive. Many existing approaches to visual representation learning utilize general-purpose training criteria, e.g. image reconstruction, smoothness in latent space, or…

Eye-in-hand cameras have shown promise in enabling greater sample efficiency and generalization in vision-based robotic manipulation. However, for robotic imitation, it is still expensive to have a human teleoperator collect large amounts…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Moo Jin Kim , Jiajun Wu , Chelsea Finn

Deploying visual reinforcement learning (RL) policies in real-world manipulation is often hindered by camera viewpoint changes. A policy trained from a fixed front-facing camera may fail when the camera is shifted -- an unavoidable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Zheng Li , Pei Qu , Yufei Jia , Shihui Zhou , Haizhou Ge , Jiahang Cao , Jinni Zhou , Guyue Zhou , Jun Ma

Learning visuomotor policies from scarce expert demonstrations remains a core challenge in robotic manipulation. A primary hurdle lies in distilling high-dimensional RGB representations into control-relevant geometry without overfitting.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Davide Buoso , Andrea Protopapa , Stefano Di Carlo , Francesca Pistilli , Giuseppe Averta

The development of general robotic systems capable of manipulating in unstructured environments is a significant challenge. While Vision-Language Models(VLM) excel in high-level commonsense reasoning, they lack the fine-grained 3D spatial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Mingjie Pan , Jiyao Zhang , Tianshu Wu , Yinghao Zhao , Wenlong Gao , Hao Dong

Current methods in training and benchmarking vision models exhibit an over-reliance on passive, curated datasets. Although models trained on these datasets have shown strong performance in a wide variety of tasks such as classification,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Xinran Liang , Anthony Han , Wilson Yan , Aditi Raghunathan , Pieter Abbeel

Action advising endeavors to leverage supplementary guidance from expert teachers to alleviate the issue of sampling inefficiency in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). Previous agent-specific action advising methods are hindered by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Yaoquan Wei , Shunyu Liu , Jie Song , Tongya Zheng , Kaixuan Chen , Yong Wang , Mingli Song

We present Action Agent, a two-stage framework that unifies agentic navigation video generation with flow-constrained diffusion control for multi-embodiment robot navigation. In Stage I, a large language model (LLM) acts as an orchestration…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jeffrin Sam , Nguyen Khang , Yara Mahmoud , Miguel Altamirano Cabrera , Dzmitry Tsetserukou

Ambiguities are inevitable in human-robot interaction, especially when a robot follows user instructions in a large, shared space. For example, if a user asks the robot to find an object in a home environment with underspecified…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Fethiye Irmak Dogan , Maithili Patel , Weiyu Liu , Iolanda Leite , Sonia Chernova

Prevailing Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) for robotic manipulation are built upon vision-language backbones pretrained on large-scale, but disconnected static web data. As a result, despite improved semantic generalization, the policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Jonas Pai , Liam Achenbach , Victoriano Montesinos , Benedek Forrai , Oier Mees , Elvis Nava

Affordance, defined as the potential actions that an object offers, is crucial for embodied AI agents. For example, such knowledge directs an agent to grasp a knife by the handle for cutting or by the blade for safe handover. While existing…

We study the task of embodied visual active learning, where an agent is set to explore a 3d environment with the goal to acquire visual scene understanding by actively selecting views for which to request annotation. While accurate on some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-18 David Nilsson , Aleksis Pirinen , Erik Gärtner , Cristian Sminchisescu

Encouraged by the remarkable achievements of language and vision foundation models, developing generalist robotic agents through imitation learning, using large demonstration datasets, has become a prominent area of interest in robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Tongzhou Mu , Yijie Guo , Jie Xu , Ankit Goyal , Hao Su , Dieter Fox , Animesh Garg

Existing RGB-based imitation learning approaches typically employ traditional vision encoders such as ResNet or ViT, which lack explicit 3D reasoning capabilities. Recent geometry-grounded vision models, such as VGGT~\cite{wang2025vggt},…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-22 An Dinh Vuong , Minh Nhat Vu , Ian Reid